UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2023 (HISTORY)

The Naqshbandi Silsila (Order) in India was started by Khwaja Baqi Billah (1563-1603 AD) in Uchch. This was the most fundamentalist Silsila. They emphasized the laws of the Sharia. Sheikh Ahmad Faruq Sarhindi, a disciple of the Saint Baqi Billah of this Silsila, called himself Mujaddid-i-Alf-iSāni (Reviver of the second millennium) and opposed the liberal policies of Akbar. The Naqshbandi Silsila opposed music. Babur (Mughal ruler) was also a follower of the Naqshbandi saint Khwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar.

The Tarkeshwar Satyagraha, which began in Bengal in 1924 AD, was related to the corruption prevalent in temples. Swami Vishwananda and Swami Sachchidananda formed the Mahavir Dal for this Satyagraha. It was a religious reform movement. This Satyagraha was carried out by pilgrims against the corruption of the Mahant (chief priest) of the temple located at a place called Tarkeshwar in Bengal. Chittaranjan Das was also associated with this Satyagraha.

"The rise and fall of empires are not a matter of greasy cartridges," is a statement by Benjamin Disraeli. It was Disraeli who called the Revolt of 1857 a 'National Revolt.' Disraeli was the leader of the Conservative Party who later became the Prime Minister of Britain. Cornwallis started the Permanent Land Settlement in Bengal in March 1793 and is also known as the Father of the Civil Services. The First Census (1872) was initiated during the time of Lord Mayo, while the Vernacular Press Act (1878) was passed during the time of Lord Lytton.

The Mauryan economy was based on agricultural production, metallurgy, textile industry, well excavation (bavadi), etc. Kauțilya considered agriculture to be the best industry. The iron industry (metallurgy) was also in a highly developed state during the Mauryan period. The Greek writer Curtius mentions swords made of white iron. The most important industry during this period was spinning and weaving. In the Arthashastra, yarn production (textile industry) is described as a state industry. Lakes, ponds, canals, and wells (bavadi) were used for irrigation during the Mauryan period.

During the reign of the Mughal ruler Akbar, the Rajput ruler of Amer, Kunwar Man Singh, received the highest Mansab (seven thousand). In the beginning of Akbar's reign, Mansabs of more than 5000 were given only to the princes. However, later Akbar gave a Mansab of seven thousand to Raja Kunwar Man Singh and Mirza Aziz Koka, which was the highest during Akbar's time. Akbar started the Mansabdari system in the 19th year (1575) of his reign.

The East India Company appointed James Rennell as the First Surveyor General of Bengal in the year 1767 AD. The Survey of India was established in 1767 AD. It is one of India's oldest scientific departments and one of the world's oldest surveying institutions. Colin Mackenzie was appointed as the first Surveyor General of India in 1815 AD. William Jones founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta in 1784.

The correct match for the lists is as follows:

During the Swadeshi Movement, Ashwini Kumar Dutt established the 'Swadesh Bandhav Samiti' in Barisal in August 1905. Barisal is currently located in Bangladesh. Ashwini Kumar Dutt worked as a teacher in Barisal. The objective of the 'Swadesh Bandhav Samiti' was to promote the consumption of Swadeshi (indigenous) goods. Ashwini Kumar Dutt published a weekly newspaper called 'Barisal Hitaishi'.

Herodotus, the Father of History, wrote in the context of the war between Athens and Sparta (404 BC). Herodotus was a Greek historian and composed the book called Historica in the 5th century BC. In this book, he described the relations between India and Persia based on the information provided by traders, as he never visited India.

Jabalo (Javala) Upanișad, Garbha Upanişad, Subala Upanişad, etc., are Non-Vedic Upanişads, while the Kena Upanișad is a Vedic Upanişad. The Kena Upanișad comes under the ninth chapter of the 'Talavakāra' Brāhmana of the Sāmaveda, This Upanişad is the second category among the main ten Upanişads. The Kena Upanişad states: "Even the Gods themselves cannot comprehend Brahman; those who believe they understand Brahman are ignorant."