UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2023 (HISTORY)

The correct match for the lists is as follows:

Note: The relevant authority excluded this question from evaluation in the final answer key.

During the early colonial rule, Bihar was the most important center for the manufacture of Saltpeter (Shõra). The fame of Patna for the production and export of Saltpeter had spread to Europe and other countries in the world. The Dutch are credited with opening the first Saltpeter factory in Patna in 1657. By the eighteenth century, Patna had become not only an inter-state but also an international trade center. Saltpeter was collected in Patna and transported from there in large boats to Hooghly.

According to Kauţilya's Arthashastra, the duties of a Brahmaņa included teaching (adhyapana), accepting gifts (pratigraha), giving charity (dana), etc., while Bhütarrakşaņa (the protection of living beings) was the duty of the Ksatriyas. According to the Arthashastra, the duty (Dharma) of Brahmaņas is (Self-study, teaching, performing sacrifices, getting sacrifices performed, giving and receiving gifts). And the duty of Kşatriyas is Study, performing sacrifices, giving gifts, living by the strength of arms, and protecting creatures).

The desire for the interpretation of history is so intense that unless we have a creative conception regarding Itivrtta (past events), we will tend towards either esotericism or fault-finding.
1. The above statement was given by E. H. Carr.
2. It emphasizes a creative conception regarding Itivrtta (past events).
3. This is the view of F. Powick on the issue of the interpretation of history.

Dayananda Sarasvati was born in 1824 AD at a place called Morvi in Gujarat. His childhood name was Mulasańkara. Dayananda Sarasvati founded the Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875. Swami Virajananda imparted the knowledge of the Vedas to Dayananda. Dayananda composed Satyarth Prakas in 1874 AD, which is a principal text of the Arya Samaj and not his autobiography. In 1886 AD, Hans Raj and Lala Lajpat Rai established the Dayanand Anglo Vedic College in Lahore. Swami Shraddhananda established the Gurukul University at Kangri near Haridwar in 1902.

In the latter half of the twentieth century, the famous thinker Edward W. Said, who presented his concepts based on the countries of the Middle East, explained this very arrogance of the white man and presented the concept of Orientalism (1978). African writers were influenced by Edward Said. As a result of Orientalism, a systematic, legitimate feeling of apprehension arose regarding the Western images of the non-West, and a large gap was created in the understanding of the feudal system.

According to M. G. Ranade, factories can be more effective than schools and colleges and can give new birth to the nation's activities. Ranade was a famous Indian nationalist, scholar, social reformer, and jurist. Ranade was chosen for the post of Presidency Magistrate in 1871. M. G. Ranade, S. H. Chiplunkar, and G. V. Joshi established the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha in Poona in 1870 AD.

Alauddin Khilji's general, Malik Kafur, attacked Warangal (the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty) in 1308. He defeated the ruler of Warangal, Prataparudra Deva II. After being defeated, Prataparudra Deva II gave the Koh-i-Noor diamond to Malik Kafur, had his golden statue made, put a necklace of the Koh-i-Noor diamond around its neck, and handed it over to Malik Kafur. He also accepted the suzerainty of Alauddin and agreed to pay a regular annual tribute.
Note: Mubarak Shah Khilji and Khizr Khan were the sons of Alauddin Khilji, while Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul was the Wazir (chief minister) of Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Banda Bahadur's childhood name was Lakşman Dev. Later, Guru Govind Singh gave him the name Banda Bahadur. Banda Bahadur established the first independent Sikh state. Its capital was Sirhind. The reason the later Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah failed to suppress the Sikh revolt led by Banda Bahadur was that the Sikhs had the support of the local people. The Sikhs skillfully utilized the region, which initiated the method of guerrilla warfare. The weakness of the imperialists against the nature of the Sikh revolt and their strategy, along with the mutual jealousy and quarrels of the Mughal generals, were the main reasons.

"It is merely a waste of time unless the researcher knows what to write, how to write, and how to classify it" - This statement was given by the historian B. Sheikh Ali (1925–2022). He revolted in the 47th session of the Indian History Congress in 1986 and was the founding president of the Congress in South India in 1985. He received his undergraduate and postgraduate degrees from Mysore University. He worked as the Vice-Chancellor at Goa University and Mangalore University. His major works are 'History: Its Theory and Method' and 'Tipu Sultan'.