UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2023 (HISTORY)

The purpose of trade and commerce was to develop subjects related to the food industry, economic stability, interdependence, and the construction of step-wells (bavadi). Trade is the act of collecting goods, their distribution, and exchange. It is a process that depends on many factors, such as the nature and volume of production, transport facilities, security for traders, and patterns of exchange. It involves traders, merchants, farmers, and artisans, besides other sections of society. Commerce is the part of production or business that relates to the exchange of goods and services produced between their producers and consumers.

The following statements are correct:
Tobacco was introduced in the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar around 1604-05. The credit for bringing tobacco to India is given to the Portuguese. Jahangir banned tobacco in 1617 AD during his reign. Lahari Bandar was the principal seaport of the Sindh province, from where cotton textiles were exported to the Persian Gulf. Lahari Bandar was first mentioned by Al-Biruni at the beginning of the 11th century. By the time of Ibn Battuța in the early 1300s, Lahari Bandar had replaced Debal and became the main port of Sindh. Pipli Port was located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal in Odisha, not on the Malabar coast. According to the historian W. H. Moreland, there were thirteen famines in India between 1640 and 1660. Moreland's major work is India at the Death of Akbar'. In the 16th century, the highest supply of Saltpeter (Shora) came from Bihar, not Kashmir.

The past is stable, but the writing about the past changes" is found in the UGC Model Curriculum on History and Archaeology, 2001. The University Education Commission was established in 1948 after independence, under the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The University Grants Commission (UGC) was constituted on December 28, 1953, and was made a statutory organization by an Act of Parliament in 1956.

Mauryan Emperor Ashoka believed in Sarva Dharma Sambhav (equal respect for all religions). After the Kalinga War, he renounced violence and adopted a policy of religious tolerance. In the context of Dhamma and administration, he had 14 Major Rock Edicts inscribed. In the Third Rock Edict, he stated that it is good to have generosity or equal respect towards friends, acquaintances, relatives, Brahmanas, and Sramanas (ascetics). In the same edict, he instructed the Yuktas, Rajjukas, and Pradesikas to tour the kingdom every fifth year. In the Thirteenth Rock Edict, along with the description of the violent activities of the Kalinga War, he expressed deep sorrow over the killing of Brahmaņas, Sramaņas, and people of other sects and householders. This edict also states that there is no country, except the land of the Yavanas (Greeks), where communities of Brahmanas and Sramanas do not reside. Thus, Assertion A is false, while Reason R is true.

'Nil Darpan' (The Indigo Mirror) is a famous Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra. It was composed in 1858-59. It became the cause of the Indigo Revolt movement in Bengal. The plot of this play is based on the atrocities committed by British European indigo planters on the contemporary rural farmers. His original name was Gandharva Narayan, but he changed it to Dinabandhu Mitra.

The correct match for the lists is as follows:

Note: The relevant authority excluded this question from evaluation in the final answer key.

The sole purpose of the Thuggee Act (xxx) 1836 and the Thuggee Department was to portray the police and prosecutor gangs as criminals committing acts in the name of religion. This was a feudal mindset aimed at branding groups engaged in various criminal acts as Thugs. The British considered acts against their war effort to be acts of social reform. Sir William Sleeman was the chief architect of the campaign against Thuggee. The Thuggee Department was formed under his chairmanship. An Industrial School was established in Jabalpur for the moral reformation of the Thugs. The author of the book 'Confessions of a Thug' is Philip Meadows Taylor. Governor-General William Bentinck appointed Colonel Sleeman to suppress this practice.

Sasipada Banerjee launched the Bharat Sramajivi Journal (a Bengali language paper) in 1874. Prior to this, he had established the Working Men's Club in 1870. He was a social worker and a leader of the Brahmo Samaj. He did significant work for women's rights, their education, and labor welfare.