UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2023 (HISTORY)

The correct chronological order of the Commissions based on their establishment is as follows:

Kambar was in the court of the Chola king Kulothunga III (1179-1218 AD). His major works include Kamba Ramayanam (Kamba Ramavataram), Sarasopkar Anthathee, and Erelupathu, all in the Tamil language. Kamba Ramayanam (or Ramavataram) is considered the most outstanding work of Tamil literature. Kambar is famous by the title 'Kavichakravarthy' (Emperor of Poets). Kambar's poetry is incomparable in its use of similes and the profundity of its meaning. The great Tamil scholar Prof. Selvakesavarayar rightly said that the only two pillars of Tamil language are Kambar and Tiruvalluvar. In the 13th century, Ottakuthar composed Muvar Ula.

Brahmi is an ancient script of India. The oldest examples of its use are available in the form of Ashoka's inscriptions. It is written from left to right. Several Asian scripts developed from this script. In 1837 AD, James Prinsep successfully deciphered (read) Ashoka's Brahmi inscriptions for the first time.

The full name of Abul Fazl (1551-1602 AD) was Abul Fazl Ibn Mubarak. Abul Fazl was the second son of Sheikh Mubarak. Abul Fazl's elder brother was Abul Hasan. Abul Fazl composed the famous book Akbarnama. He was one of the Nine Jewels (Navratnas) of Akbar's court. In 1602 AD, Prince Salim (Jahangir) had Abul Fazl assassinated by his friend Vir Singh Bundela, and during his own reign, he granted Bundela a mansab (rank) of 3,000 horsemen. In addition to Akbarnama, he also composed Ayare Danish, which is a simpler and more understandable form of 'Anware Suheili'. He also wrote the preface for the Persian translation of the Mahabharata and Tarikh-i-Alfi.

Literary sources for the study of history include the Srimad Ramayana, Srimad Mahabharata, Indica (written by Megasthenes), and Arthashastra (written by Kautilya). The Ramayana, composed by Maharshi Valmiki, originally had 6,000 verses (shlokas), which later increased to 12,000 verses, and finally reached 24,000 verses. The Mahabharata was composed by Ved Vyas, and because it eventually contained 100,000 verses, it came to be called Shat Sahasri Samhita or Mahabharata. Megasthenes was the ambassador of Seleucus Nicator. He spent 14 years in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. His work, Indica, provides details of the Mauryan-era society and culture. The Arthashastra is a major source for understanding the history and politics of the Mauryan period. Coins fall under the category of archaeological sources.

Malik Ambar (1548-1626 AD) was sold to the minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah, Changez Khan, in Ahmednagar. Under the protection of Changez Khan, Malik Ambar had the opportunity to understand the Nizam Shahi politics and military administration. The Battle of Bhatwadi was one of the most decisive battles in the history of the Deccan, won by Malik Ambar. After the fall of Ahmednagar in 1601, Malik Ambar enthroned Murtaza, the grandson of Burhan Nizam Shah I, and made himself his Peshwa (Prime Minister). He made Khirki (now Aurangabad) the capital of his kingdom. Ambar defeated Abdullah Khan, the Governor of Gujarat, in 1612. Malik Ambar's revenue system was primarily based on the model of Raja Todar Mal.

Guru Nanak, Mughal Emperors, and the Sikh Gurus
Guru Nanak (1469-1539 AD) was an eyewitness to the great massacre and mistreatment of the public during Babar's invasion of India in 1521. Babar was victorious at Sialkot or Eminabad, but he treated the population there inhumanely and many people were sentenced to slavery.
Guru Nanak Dev Ji was also taken prisoner. He mentions the injustice faced by the prisoners in the text Babarvani. The Mughal Emperors were aware of the growing importance of the Sikh Gurus and attempted to associate with them-to influence them and, if possible, control them. Akbar granted 500 bighas of land to the Fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das.
Jahangir had the Fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, tortured and executed in 1606 AD. In 1675 AD, Aurangzeb had Guru Tegh Bahadur executed. Therefore, both statements (or arguments) are correct.

The British implemented a total of four Charter Acts in India. The Charter Act of 1793 was implemented during the time of Governor Lord Cornwallis. It extended the company's trade privileges for another 20 years.
The power granted to Lord Cornwallis to overrule the decisions of his council was also extended to future Governors-General and Governors. The Charter Act of 1813 ended the company's monopoly on Indian trade, although its monopoly on the trade with China and the tea trade continued. The Charter Act of 1833 abolished the company's commercial rights, and in the future, it was only to perform political functions.
The Charter Act of 1853 provided that the salaries of the Board of Control, its secretary, and other officers would be determined by the English government, but the money would be paid by the Company.

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897, into a middle-class Bengali household. Hе graduated from Calcutta University in 1919 and passed the Indian Civil Service (I.C.S.) examination in 1920. He resigned from this service and became a member of the Indian National Congress.
In the 1922 Congress session, he participated with Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das as his personal assistant. In 1923, he supported the formation and program of the Swaraj Party. 'The London Thesis' is the title of the speech he delivered in absentia at a political conference held in London in 1933.
In February 1938, Subhas Chandra was elected President of the Congress at the Haripura Session. In the presidential election for the Tripuri Congress in January 1939, he defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya, a dedicated follower of Mahatma Gandhi. 'The Indian Pilgrim' is the title of his incomplete autobiography. 'The Indian Struggle' is his major work. He was not a member of the Anushilan Samiti.

Chudamani is an ornament, made of metal, which was given by Sita Devi to Hanuman (in the epic Ramayana). Chudamani is also the name of a place in Bengal. The Chudamani is used to decorate the hair and is referenced in the Srimad Ramayana. It is an ornament worn by women. The Chudamani is usually studded with jewels and is worn in the middle of a hair knot. Hanuman gave Mother Sita the ring of Lord Rama in Lanka. Sita Mata gave the Chudamani to Hanuman Ji.
Note: In this question, all options are correct. Therefore, the NTA (or relevant body) excluded this question from evaluation.