UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, December 2023 (HISTORY)

Potti Sriramulu began a fast unto death on October 19, 1952, demanding the creation of a separate Andhra State. Despite receiving support from Prime Minister Nehru for the formation of Andhra, Sriramulu refused to break his fast because no official declaration to that effect had been made. Riots continued in Andhra, and Sriramulu's fast created widespread resentment among the people. The delay in the official announcement led to the deterioration of Sriramulu's health, and he eventually died on December 15, 1952, after a fast of 58 days.
Note: The NTA (or relevant body) excluded this question from evaluation in its final answer key.

The correct matching of the lists is as follows:

Land given to Brahmanas (Brahma-deya) was called Agrahara land, and the donee had full rights over it. Agrahara was the collective land of the Brahmanas. Institutions named Sabha and Mahasabha were particularly active around Kanchi. Agrahara was an institution existing in Brahmana villages or an institution responsible for managing the affairs of Brahmana villages. Primarily learned Brahmanas resided in Agrahara villages. The institution responsible for governing them was called Mahajana, in which representatives of the Brahmanas participated.
Note: The NTA excluded this question from evaluation in its final answer key.

According to Jains, the realized souls (Siddha Ātman) belong to five categories. The five vows (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha, and Brahmacharya) are observed by Jain monks and nuns with strict adherence and are called Mahāvratas (Great Vows). When these vows are observed by the lay Jain followers, their nature is simplified, and they are called Gunavratas (Vows with secondary qualities) or Anuvratas (Minor Vows). The Mahāvratas are also called Panchasikkhin.

Land grants were not given only to Brahmanas, as such grants were not based on caste. Even during the rule of the Vijayanagara Empire, grants were given to barbers. During the Chola period, land given to Brahmanas was called Brahmadeya, which was also known as Chaturvedimangalam. In the Vijayanagara Empire, Devadeya land was tax-free land given to temples. Amaram was a land grant given to military and civil officers in exchange for providing special forces (or service). Umbali was tax-exempt land given in exchange for special services in the villages.
Therefore, A (Assertion) is not correct but R (Reason) is correct.

The statement, "Orientalism is based on a style of thought based on ontological and epistemological foundations between the East and the West," is attributed to Edward W. Said. Through his book "Orientalism" (1978), Edward Said defined Orientalism as an academic discipline that emerged only with the colonial occupation of the Middle East and India by Western powers. In Said's view, this academic discipline was primarily an expression of colonial dominance.

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar wrote the biography of Mazzini. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Ganesh Savarkar established an organization named Mitramela' in Maharashtra in 1899 AD. modeled after Mazzini's 'Young Italy'. This organization was renamed 'Abhinav Bharat Society' in 1904 AD. V.D. Savarkar and Ganesh Savarkar were sentenced to Kala Pani (transportation for life) in the Nasik Conspiracy Case (1909).

The intricate carvings of Kakatiya art are a continuation of Chalukya art, Satavahana art. Rashtrakuta art, and local artistic traditions. The construction and decoration of Kakatiya temples evolved from the Chalukya style and the Rashtrakuta style. Kakatiya temples are largely dedicated to Shiva. Kakatiya architecture is a blended fusion of the Dravidian and Nagara styles.

The continuous existence of Jainism in India is based on the principles of: "Live and let live" (Jiyo aur jeene do). "Ahimsa Paramo Dharma" (Nonviolence is the supreme religion). Trade and Commerce. Human Brotherhood. In Jainism, both war and agriculture are considered highly sinful due to the resulting violence to living beings (jiva himsa). In Jain belief, commerce involves the least amount of violence. Therefore, commerce remains the most popular profession among Jains even today.

The Dravidian literature of South India includes four languages with written literature: Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam. These languages have also been granted the status of Classical Languages. In contrast, the Dogri language is spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and northern Punjab in India. Thus, Dogri is the mismatched language among the given options. Since Dogri is present in options a, b, and c, the answer is considered to be all three options (a, M, and L) in the original context (likely a question that was ambiguously phrased or multiple-choice).