UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, INDIAN CULTURE, JUNE-2025

Total Questions: 58

31. What does the word Sondhar refer to?

Correct Answer: 4. Agricultural Loan
Solution:

The word 'Sondhar' refers to an agricultural loan. During the Delhi Sultanate, particularly under Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Sondhar (also known as Taccavi) was introduced as a state policy to promote agriculture. These loans were extended to peasants to help them bring new land under cultivation, dig wells, or recover from natural calamities. It was part of the Sultan's broader economic and agrarian reforms.

32. Who among the following built the famous temple of Kesavrai at Mathura which was later destroyed by Aurangzeb?

Correct Answer: 2. Bir Singh Deo Bundela
Solution:

The famous Kesavrai temple at Mathura, dedicated to Lord Krishna (Kesava), was built by Bir Singh Deo Bundela, a prominent Bundela Rajput chief and an ally of Mughal emperor Jahangir. The temple was later destroyed by Aurangzeb during his temple demolition campaigns in the late 17th century.

33. The film Bicharak (1929) was based on whose story?

Correct Answer: 4. Rabindranath Tagore
Solution:

The 1929 silent Bengali film Bicharak, directed by Sisir Kumar Bhaduri, was not based on a story by Sharat Chandra Chatterji, but rather drew inspiration from real-life experiences of Rabindranath Tagore. The film portrayed psychological and moral dilemmas, and was reportedly briefly banned by the British censor board for allegedly promoting "low morale" and "indecency".

34. About whom, Rabindranath Tagore wrote, 'He lifted the dead weight of ponderous forms from our language and with a touch of his magic wand aroused our literature from her age-long sleep'?

Correct Answer: 2. Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Solution:

Rabindranath Tagore made the famous remark about Bankim Chandra Chatterji, acknowledging his revolutionary impact on Bengali literature. Bankim's work infused life into the Bengali language, making it suitable for modern literary expression, and inspired later generations of writers, including Tagore himself.

35. Who stated, 'the time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in the incongruous content of humiliation, and I for my part wish to stand, shorn, of all special distinctions, by the side of those of my countrymen who, for their so-called insignificance, are liable to suffer degradation not fit for human beings'?

Correct Answer: 2. Rabindranath Tagore
Solution:

This powerful statement was made by Rabindranath Tagore in 1919, when he renounced his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Tagore's act was a symbolic rejection of colonial honors in solidarity with his oppressed fellow countrymen, marking a turning point in India's intellectual resistance to British rule.

36. Who declared in British Parliament that the remedy for the ills of Hindu society was neither philosophy nor civilization, but the propagation of Christianity in India?

Correct Answer: 2. Willian Wilberforce
Solution:

It was William Wilberforce, a British parliamentarian and evangelical reformer, who declared in the British Parliament that the remedy for the ills of Hindu society was not philosophy or civilization, but the propagation of Christianity in India. He was a strong supporter of Christian missionary activity in India and sought to "civilize" Indian society through Christian morals.

37. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the schools of Indian philosophy?

Correct Answer: 4. Uttara-mimamsa is concerned with rituals and practices.
Solution:

Let's examine the statements:
1. Purva-Mimamsa: Correct - it emphasizes the ritualistic (karmakanda) part of the Vedas and the concept of dharma.
2. Vaisesika: Correct - it focuses on metaphysics, atomic theory, and the nature of reality.
3. Nyaya: Correct - it is primarily concerned with logic (tarka) and epistemology.
4. Uttara-Mimamsa: Incorrect - it does not focus on rituals, but rather on philosophical knowledge (jnana) and liberation (moksha) through Vedanta, especially based on the Upanishads.

38. The title Sunganadavirttachola alludes to:

Correct Answer: 3. Kulottunga I
Solution:

The title Sunganadavirttachola (literally: "Chola who eclipsed the Sungas") is traditionally linked with Kulottunga I, who ruled from 1070-1122 СЕ. Не took several titles that demonstrated imperial dominance, and this particular title suggests conquest or symbolic superiority over historical dynasties like the Sungas.

39. Niccolo Conti belonged to which country?

Correct Answer: 2. Italy
Solution:

Niccolò Conti was an Italian merchant and traveler from Venice. He visited India around 1420 CE and provided one of the earliest European accounts of the Vijayanagara Empire, describing its size, prosperity, and military strength.

40. Which of the following city's name was changed to Sultanpur by Muhammad Tughlaq?

Correct Answer: 1. Warangal
Solution:

After conquering Warangal from the Kakatiya dynasty in 1323 AD, Muhammad bin Tughlaq renamed the city Sultanpur. This renaming was intended to assert the authority of the Delhi Sultanate over the newly acquired southern territory and to signify the Islamic sovereignty established in the region.
• Madurai: Although conquered, it was not renamed Sultanpur.
• Mysore: Was never under Muhammad bin Tughlaq's rule.
• Devgiri: Was renamed Daulatabad, not Sultanpur, when it was made the temporary capital.