UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, June-2020 ENGLISH (Shift-I)

Glocalization is a combination of the words "globalization" and "localization". The term is used to describe a product or service that is developed and distributed globally but is also adjusted to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market. The term was popularized by the sociologist Roland Robertson and coined according to him, by Japanese economist to explain Japanese global marketing strategies.

"The medium is the message" is a phrase coined by the Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan and introduced in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964. McLuhan proposes that a communication medium itself, not the messages it carries, should be the primary focus of study. He showed that artifacts as media affect any society by their characteristics, or content. McLuhan uses the term 'message' to signify content and character. The content of the medium is a message that can be easily grasped and the character of the medium is another message which can be easily overlooked.

Valentin Mikolaevich Voloshinov, was a Soviet/Russian linguist, whose work has been influential in the field of literary theory and Marxist theory of ideology. In Voloshnov's view, the meaning of verbal signs is the arena of continuous classstruggle: a ruling class will try to narrow the meaning of social signs, making them "uni-accentual", but the clash of various class-interests in times of social unrest will make clear the "multi-accentuality" of words. By virtue of his belief that the "struggle for meaning" coincides with class struggle, Voloshinov's theories have much in common with those of Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci, who shared an interest in linguistics. Voloshinov's work can also be seen to prefigure many of the concerns of post-structuralism.

Ram Mohan Roy was an ardent advocate of western education through the medium of English. Then in 1821, Mr. H.H. Wilson, a great orientalist rooted the idea of establishing a Sanskrit College in Calcutta. Ram Mohan opposed this proposal. In the later, dated 11 December 1823, Lord Amherst, he wrote "we now find that the government is establishing a Sanskrit school under Hindu Pundits to impart knowledge as is already current in India.....".

Sir Thomas Munro, Ist Baronet was a Scottish soldier recorded the given lines about British administrator Lord Cornwallis. Lord Cornwallis was British Army general and official. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. In India, he helped to enact the Cornwallis Code and the Permanent Settlement.

English and Foreign Languages University known as EFLU. It is a university for English and Foreign language located in Hyderabad. EFLU was founded in 1958 as the Central Institute of English by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Prof. V.K. Gokak was the first director of the central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad.

Paralanguage is the non-lexical component of communication by speech, for example intonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression.

'To be or not to be' is the opening phrase of a soliloquy uttered by Prince Hamlet - in the so called "nunnery scene" of the play Hamlet, Act 3, Scene 1. Hamlet says because he is questioning the value of life and asking himself whether it's worthwhile hanging in these. He is extremely depressed at this point and fed up with everything in the world around him and he is contemplating putting an end to himself.

A distinction introduce by Chomsky in to linguistic theory but of wider application. Competence refers to a speaker's knowledge of his language as manifest in his ability to produce and to understand a theoretically infinite number of sentences most of which he may never seen or heard before. Performance refers to the specific utterances including grammatical mistakes and non-linguistic features like hesitations accompanying the use of language.

Semiotic literary criticism, also called literary semiotics, is the approach to literary criticism informed by the theory of signs or semiotics. Semiotics is a key tool to ensure that intended meanings (of for instance a piece of communication or a new product) are unambiguously understood by the person on the receiving end. A semiotic system, in conclusion, is necessarily made of at least three distinct entities: signs, meanings and code.