UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, June 2020 (HISTORY)

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the following passage from the Arthashastra of Kautilya, and answer the following questions:

The Superintendent of cattle should know about cattle looked after in return for a wage, tended with a tax and a fixed return, become useless and cast off, entered in the state hards by payment of a shares the total number of cattle in herds, cattle that are lost or have perished.

and the total produce of milk and ghee. The cowherd, the buffalo-herdsman, the milker, the churner and the hunter should look after do one hundred milch-cows, receiving a wage in cash. For, if given a wage in milk and ghee. they might do harm to the calves.

These are cattle looked after for a wage. One person should look after one hundred animals containing an equal number of aged cows, milch-cows, cows with young, cows with calf for this first and heifers. He should give eight vasrakas of ghee, one pana per animal and the hide with the mark, every year. This is tending with a tax and a fixed return.

Herdsmen looking after one hundred animals divided into an equal number of cows that are diseased, that are crippled, that do not allow another person to milk them, that are difficult to milk and that kill their calves, should give a share appropriate to that class. These are cattle become useless and cast off.

How many aged cows and how many helifers is one herdsman assigned in the above passage?

Correct Answer: (b) Twenty and twenty respectively
Solution:

According to the above passage twenty cows and twenty helifers were assigned to one herdsmen.

92. For which of the following was there a payment in both kind and cash?

Correct Answer: (b) The second category of the responsibilities of the Superintendent
Solution:

According to the above passage the second category of the responsibilities of the superintendent was paid in both kind and cash.

93. Why were those who looked after milch cows not paid in milk and ghee?

Correct Answer: (c) So that they do not deprive the calves of their share of milk
Solution:

Persons who looked after milch cows not paid in milk and ghee so that they do not deprive the calves of their share of milk.

94. How many categories was the work of the Superintendent of cattle divided into?

Correct Answer: (d) Seven
Solution:

According to the above passage seven categories was the work of superintendent of cattle divided.

95. What are the work and the entitlement of the hunter in the above passage?

Correct Answer: (d) Looking after milch cows in return for a cash wage
Solution:

The work entitled to hunter in the passage is looking after milch cows in return for a cash wage.

96. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

The Timariots, Governors and Revenue contractors on their part, reason in this manner. Why should the neglected state of this land create uneasiness in our minds? And why should we expend our money and time to render it fruitful?

We may be deprived of it in a single moment and our exertions would benefit neither ourselves nor our children. Let us draw from the soil all the money we can, though the peasant should starve or abscond and we should leave it, when commanded to quit, a dreary wilderness.

The above observation is made by which of the following European traveller?

Correct Answer: (c) Francois Bernier
Solution:

The above observation is made by European traveler Francois Bernier.

97. By Timariots, the traveller refers to which of the following Mughal official?

Correct Answer: (b) Jagirdar
Solution:

By Timariots, the traveller refers to Jagirdar.

98. On the basis of the above observation which of the following historian has argued that the Mughal system of transfer of Jagirs led to the expolitation of peasantry that in turn created 'crisis' in the Mughal empire?

Correct Answer: (a) Irfan Habib
Solution:

An eminent historian Irfan Habib argued that the Mughal system of transfer of Jagirs led to the expolitation of peasantry that in turn created 'crisis' in the Mughal empire.

99. Which of the following was not the characteristics of the Mughal jagir system?

Correct Answer: (b) Under Aurangzeb jagirs were made permanent and hereditary
Solution:

Under Aurangzeb Jagirs were made permanent and Hereditary was not the characteristic of Mughal Jagir system.

100. Which of the following chronicles of Shahjahan's reign mentions that the practice of ijara became very common during Shahjahan's reign and that it was one of the causes of the ruin ofthe peasantry?

Correct Answer: (d) Muhammad Sadiq Khan
Solution:

Muhammad Sadiq Khan mentions that the practice of ijara become very common during Shahjahan's reign and that it was one of the causes of the ruins of peasantry. Ijarah system to give something on rent or provide goods and services temporarily for a wage.