UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, June 2023 HISTORY (Shift-I)

A is correct. Nathamuni retrieved, organized, and compiled the Nalayira Divya Prabandham (4,000 sacred verses of the Alvars) in the 10th century after receiving them through divine revelation from Nammalvar.
B is correct. Nammalvar, also called Satakopa, is one of the twelve Alvars, the Vaishnava poet-saints; he composed 1,352 verses in the Divya Prabandham, making him the most prolific.
C is incorrect. Ramanuja (1017–1137 CE) is a pivotal systematizer of Vishishtadvaita and Sri Vaishnavism but not the first acharya; the tradition traces back to Nathamuni (c. 823–951 CE).
D is correct. Nathamuni is widely regarded as the first acharya of the Sri Vaishnava sampradaya for reviving the Divya Prabandham and establishing the guru-parampara.

A is incorrect. Karma (ritual action) is preparatory and supports devotion but is not a principal means to moksha in Vishishtadvaita, where it purifies the mind rather than directly liberating.

B is correct. Bhakti (devotion) is the primary means to moksha, involving loving service to Vishnu through practices like meditation on scriptures and temple worship.

C is correct. Jnana (knowledge of the three realities—chit, achit, Ishvara) is essential as it underpins bhakti and prapatti, enabling realization of one's relationship with Brahman.

D is correct. Prapatti (total self-surrender) is an alternative principal means, especially for those unable to practice intense bhakti, granting grace-based liberation.

Yamunacharya (c. 917–1032 CE), Nathamuni's grandson-disciple, laid philosophical groundwork with works like Siddhitraya, preceding Ramanuja as his guru.

Ramanuja (1017–1137 CE) systematized Vishishtadvaita through Sri Bhashya, building directly on his predecessors Yamunacharya and Nathamuni.

Vedanta Desika (1268–1369 CE) came last as a post-Ramanuja acharya, authoring polemical works and leading the Vadakalai sub-school.

Note on Options: The provided choices (a–d) appear mismatched to the query format (no explicit labeling like A=1, B=2), likely a copy-paste error from prior MCQs. The sequence is 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 if numbered as listed (Ramanuja=1, Nathamuni=2, etc.)

Abdur Razzak stated about Vijaynagar state that The country's most part well cultivated, very fertile. The troops amount in number to eleven lakhs.
Abdur Razzak was persian Ambassador who visited Vijaynagar during rule of king Devaraya II. Devaraya II was great king of Sangam dynasty of Vijayanagar He was also known as " Immadi Devaraya" Devaraya П adopted title of "Gajabetkar" Which means hunter of elephants.

Bhartendu Harishchandra was known as father of Khari Boli literature. In hindi literature he inaugurated era of Nationalism and Social reform. His Bharat Durdasha discusses India's decline into misfortune. Subramania Bharti was great Tamil poet and Nationlist he also wrote poems in Malayalam. He composed a poem in praise of Jesus in Which he says the symbolism of death on cross.
Hence Correct answer is B, D, and E. option (C) is not correct because Bankim chandra chatterjee was poet who wrote his poems in Bangla not in Tamil.
* Subramania Bharati's great poems are Kannan pattu, Nilavum vanminum Katrum, panchali sabatm and kuyil pattu. He published the sensational poem "Sudesa Geetangal in 1908.

Ajatasatru got throne in 492 B.C. by killing his father Bimbisara. Due to his expansionist policy he had to fought with Vajji federation. Battle lasted 18 years ultimately Ajatsatru won the Battle. In this Battle he used two secret weapons Mahasilakantaka and Rathamusala.
*First Buddhist council was held during rule of Ajatasatru.

Assertion (A) is correct that Ahilyabai Holkar developed Indore from a small village to a prosperous and beautiful city.
Reason (R) is also correct that Ahilyabai Holkar provided help to widows in keeping their husband's wealth, rather than surrendering it to the state or greedy relatives or managers but Reason is not correct explanation of (A). Ahilya Bai Holkar was Queen of maratha empire. She established Maheshwar as the seat of Holkar Dynasty. After the demise of her husband Khande Rao Holkar and Father in law Malhar Rao Holkar. Ahilya herself undertook the affairs of Holkar Dynasty.

A Japanese scholar Nobaru Karashima rejected segmentary State model of Stein. The system of sub-infeudation was applied to Vijayanagar state by Karashima. He adopts feudal interpretation to the Vijayanagar polity particularly in the 16th century. Nayakas in relation to the central power which may suggest the existence of sub infeudation. His model focused upon the relations between kings and local lordship and the appearance of complex land holding rights
N. Karashima stated Vijayanagar economy as feudal.

Swami Vivekananda was born on January 12, 1863 in Kolkata. His childhood name was Narendra Nath Dutta. Ramkrishna Paramhansa was spiritual teacher of Swami Vivekananda. Swami Vivekananda gave lecture in the world parliament of religion held in chicago (America) in 1893. He founded Ram Krishna mission in 1897. Swami Vivekananda visited California and sowed seeds of future Vedanta centers in Los Angels and Sanfrancisco. He was invited to the congress of the History of Religions at Paris and spoke there in defence of Hinduism.