Solution:
The product cycle model by Raymond Vernon which explains how a product evolves through stages and how international trade patterns shift:In stage I (time OA), the product is produced and consumed only in the innovating country.
In stage II (AB), production is perfected in the innovating country and increases rapidly to accommodate rising demand at home and abroad.
In state III (BC), the product becomes standardized and the imitating country starts producing the product for domestic consumption.
In stage IV (CD), the imitating country starts underselling the innovating country in third markets, and.
In stage V (past point D) in the latter's market as well for domestic consumption.