UGC NTA NET/JRF EXAM, June 2025 HISTORY

The Mahabhashya, written by Patanjali, is an important text, a detailed commentary on the Ashtadhyayi, the foundational text of Sanskrit grammar written by Panini. This text not only clarifies the rules of grammar but also provides deep insight into various aspects of language, philosophy, and culture. Patanjali discusses various aspects of sentence structure, word formation, and meaning in detail, making it a fundamental source of Indian linguistics.

Mahavira was born in Kundagram near Vaishali around 599 ВСE. Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. He added the fifth vow of celibacy to the four vows established by Jainism and made its strict observance mandatory. The principles taught by Mahavira were contained in fourteen older texts called Purvas. The twelve Angas were compiled at the Jain Sangiti/Sangeet held in Pataliputra, but the final compilation of Jain scriptures was done at the Sangiti/Council held in Vallabhi, presided over by Devriddhigani (Kshamashravan).
Two hundred years after Mahavira's death, a famine struck Magadha, leading Bhadrabahu to migrate to South India, and his followers became known as Digambaras. In contrast, the Jain followers who remained in Magadha under the leadership of Sthulabhadra became known as Svetambaras. Bhadrabahu was the last person to know the Pubbas or Purvas given by Mahavira.
Note: The Commission has marked the answer to this question as D in its final answer key, but all the options are correct.
Source: K.C. Srivastava.

Abdur Razzaq mentions about Devaraya II that "this later prince controlled three hundred ports, each of which was equivalent to Calicut." Much of the country was fertile and well cultivated. Abdur Razzaq came to the court of the Zamorin, King of Calicut, as a representative of the Persian Sultan Shah Rukh. He then reached the court of Devaraya II. His book, "Matla-usSadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain," means "the confluence of two fortunate planets (Jupiter and Venus) and two oceans."

The following statements are true among the above options:
A. Medhatithi is famous for his commentaries on the Mitakshara and Manusmriti, which are based on Hindu law.
B. Sarangadhar was a 13th-century poet who wrote a treatise called "Sarangdharpaddhati," which was based on moral philosophy and Hatha Yoga. Panini is best known for his grammar.
C. Raja Bhoj was a great scholar and patron of the Parmar dynasty. He wrote on various subjects, including astronomy (Rajmartand and Saransh Siddhanta) and politics (Yuktikalpataru).
D. Bhattotpal (Bhattotpal) was a renowned astronomer of the 10th century who wrote important commentaries on the astrology and astronomy texts of Varahamihira.
E. Sridhar was an ancient mathematician who made significant contributions to the development of arithmetic and algebra through texts such as "Trishatika" and "Patiganita."

The correct matching of List-D and List-E is
as follows:

Krishna          -        Mayon

Kubera          -        Vaisarvan

Parvati           -        Annapurna

Sheetala        -        Mariammai

Sanauli, located in the Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh, is the largest post-Harappan burial ground on the banks of the Yamuna River. Evidence of canal irrigation has not been found here. In contrast, evidence of water supply and distributaries has been revealed at the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro, evidence of a check dam at Mehrgarh, evidence of an archaeological canal system at Shortughai, and evidence of a reservoir from excavations at Dholavira.

The systematic order of the reign of the Parmar rulers is as follows:
Krishnaraja
Siyaka-Harsha
Vakpati-Munj
Sindhuraja
Bhoj

In October 1943, Lord Wavell replaced Lord Linlithgow as Governor General of India. He presented the Wavell Plan at the Simla Conference to end the deadlock among all political parties. The following statements are true about the Wavell Plan:
A. The Wavell Plan received unanimous support from British political parties, including the Labour Party.
B. Master Tara Singh represented the Sikhs at the conference.
C. The Muslim League refused to submit a list of names for the proposed Executive Council.
D. Under the Wavell Plan, all members of the Viceroy's Executive Council, except the Governor General and the Commander-in-Chief, would be Indians, with equal numbers of Muslims and upper caste Hindus.
E. The conference failed because the Muslim League demanded that no Muslim outside the Muslim League should be included in the Viceroy's list. Hence, statements A, B, C are true.

Thiruvalluvar, commonly known as Balluvar, was a Tamil poet and philosopher. He is best known as the author of the Thiruvalluvar, a collection of couplets on ethics, politics, economic matters, and love. Thiruvalluvar wrote in his work, Thirukkural, that "the friendship of a gentleman is like the beauty of a good book. It does not lose its freshness but gives increasing pleasure with each passing day, just as we derive increased pleasure from a book through close study."

After becoming Sultan, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq declared his eldest son, Jauna Khan, later known as Muhammad bin Tughlaq, as crown prince in 1321 AD and sent him south with a large army against Ram Pratap Rudra Dev of Telangana (Warangal). Muhammad bin Tughlaq conquered Telangana, changed its name from Warangal to Sultanpur, and divided it into nine districts.