UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, February-2023

Either Question or Options may be wrong.

Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS) is an initiative that emphasizes community participation in the governance of public health institutions. (b) By ensuring adherence to treatment protocols, it aims to optimize patient outcomes.

(c) It is a shining example of community participation, as it seeks to involve the community in ensuring the best possible healthcare services are available locally. The essence of RKS is to make health institutions patient-friendly and more responsive to the community's needs.

The Mental Health Care Act 2017 is a significant milestone in the evolution of mental health care in India.

(a) It proposes the establishment of a National Mental Health Authority at the national level and State Mental Health Authorities at the state levels.

These bodies are tasked with the responsibility of upholding the quality and standard of mental health services.

(c) A notable feature of this act is the decriminalization of the attempt to commit suicide, recognizing that such attempts often stem from severe mental distress and that individuals need care and support, not punishment.

The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 was a significant step in global health, emphasizing primary health care as the key to achieving health for all.

(a) Provision of essential drugs is a component, ensuring that necessary medicines are available, affordable, and safe for the population.

(c) An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation is crucial as these directly impact a community's overall health, preventing waterborne diseases. (d) The prevention and control of locally endemic diseases are crucial, ensuring that diseases specific to certain locales are managed effectively.

Foods can be classified in various ways, but when focusing on their predominant function: (a) Body-building foods are rich in proteins, necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. Examples include beans, lentils, meats, and dairy.

(c) Energy-giving foods provide the necessary energy for daily activities. These primarily include foods rich in carbohydrates and fats, such as grains, oils, and sugars.

(d) Protective foods are those rich in essential vitamins and minerals that help protect against diseases and maintain optimal health.

These include fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Understanding these categories helps in planning balanced diets and ensuring optimal health.

Rapid sand filters are crucial in water purification processes. The "loss of head" refers to the difference in height between the water entering the filter and the water level within the filter, indicating the resistance to flow.

As water passes through the filter, particles are trapped in the sand layer, leading to (a) a gradual decrease in filter efficiency as the filter gets clogged.

This doesn't mean the sand layer increases in height, but the spaces between sand particles reduce, increasing resistance. (c) When this "loss of head" becomes significant, it is essential to clean the filter.

One common cleaning method is "backwashing," where water is forced through the filter in the opposite direction to remove the trapped particles.

(d) In some advanced systems, compressed air assists the backwashing process, dislodging particles more effectively.

Either Question or Options may be wrong.

To enhance the sanitary quality of tank water, some measures can be employed. (a) Elevating the edges of the tank ensures that surface runoff doesn't easily enter the tank, reducing contamination risks.

While it might seem like having steps or stairs wouid be a good idea, this can lead to more direct human contact and contamination.

(c) Instead, having an elevated platform from where people can draw water minimizes direct contact, thereby reducing chances of contamination.

When considering the environment, both the physical and social components play roles in influencing health.

(a) Habits, which relate to recurrent behaviors or practices of individuals, are socially learned and can have positive or negative health implications. Smoking is an example of a habit with negative health outcomes.

(b) Income also plays a pivotal role, as socioeconomic status can impact access to resources, quality of living conditions, and overall health.

In contrast, (c) radiation is a physical factor, and (d) rodents are biological agents that can affect health, especially if they're disease vectors.

Intra-uterine devices (IUDs) are popular contraceptive methods. For them to be most effective and safe, certain criteria are often recommended.

While having borne children can make insertion easier, it's not a strict prerequisite for all IUD types. (c) Normal menstrual periods indicate there aren't underlying conditions that might make IUD use problematic.

It's essential for users to understand the potential for changes in menstrual patterns with certain IUDs. (d) A history free of pelvic disease, especially Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), is crucial as IUD insertion in someone with PID can lead to severe complications.