UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, February-2023

Total Questions: 100

81. Arrange the following international health agencies as per the chronological order of their year of establishment (from oldest to newest)

(a) Health Organization of the League of Nations
(b) Pan American Sanitary Bureau
(c) United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
(d) World Health Organization.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

Correct Answer: B. (b), (a), (c), (d)
Solution:

The international health agencies have been formed over the years to address different global health challenges:

(b) Pan American Sanitary Bureau was established in 1902. It's the world's oldest international health agency and the precursor to PAHO (Pan American Health Organization).

(a) Health Organization of the League of Nations was established after World War I as part of the League of Nations, functioning from 1920 to 1946.

(c) United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943, primarily focused on providing relief to war-affected areas after World War II.

(d) World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948. It's a specialized agency of the United Nations focused on international public health.

82. Arrange the following health related policies/ programmes as per their year of introduction (from oldest to most recent)

(a) National Disaster Management Plan
(b) National Health Mission
(c) PM Jan Aarogya Yojna
(d) National Health Policy (Recent)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

Correct Answer: C. (b), (a), (d), (c)
Solution:

Health policies and programmes in India have evolved over the years to address the growing health challenges:

(b) National Health Mission was launched in 2013. This program was initially started as the National Rural Health Mission in 2005 and later expanded to cover urban areas.

(a) National Disaster Management Plan was introduced in 2016, focusing on a systematic and coordinated approach to disaster management.

(d) National Health Policy was updated in 2017, with the previous policy being from 2002.

(c) PM Jan Arogya Yojna (PMJAY), part of Ayushman Bharat, was launched in 2018. It's a health insurance scheme targeting over 50 crore beneficiaries.

83. Arrange the following food items as per increasing order (from lowest to highest) of their Glycaemic Index, as per ICMR National Institute of Nutrition Dietary Guidelines for Indians?

(a) Banana
(b) Barley
(c) Soyabean
(d) Corn flakes
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (c), (b), (a), (d)
Solution:

The Glycemic Index (GI) is a measure of how quickly a food causes blood sugar levels to rise:

(c) Soyabean has a very low GI, making an excellent food for steady energy and blood sugar management. it

(b) Barley generally has a lower GI, providing slow-releasing energy.

(a) Banana has a moderate GI, causing a medium rise in blood sugar.

(d) Cornflakes have a high GI, causing a rapid rise in blood sugar.

84. Arrange the following committees as per year of their report in a chronological order (From Oldest to Newest)

(a) Mudaliar Committee
(b) Kartar Singh Committee
(c) Jungalwalla Committee
(d) Bhore Committee
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (d), (a), (c), (b)
Solution:

Different committees were set up in India to address health challenges:

(d) Bhore Committee (1946) laid the foundation for the health system in postindependence India. It recommended the integration of curative and preventive medicine.

(a) Mudaliar Committee (1962) was focused on health services and medical education.

(c) Jungalwalla Committee (1967) emphasized the importance of a nutrition program.

(b) Kartar Singh Committee (1974) looked into community health workers and their roles.

85. Arrange new infectious diseases recognized worldwide amongst human beings, in chronological order (Oldest to Recent)

(a) Hepatitis E virus
(b) Ebola
(c) HIV
(d) H₅N₁
(e) Corona Virus
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (b), (c), (a), (d), (e)
Solution:

The emergence of new infectious diseases has been a major global health challenge:

(b) Ebola was first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo.

(c) HIV was identified in the early 1980s, leading to the global AIDS pandemic.

(a) Hepatitis E virus was first identified in 1983 as a distinct disease separate from Hepatitis A and B. (a) H3N, commonly known as bird flu, emerged in 1997 in Hong Kong.

(e) Corona Virus (COVID-19) was identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and became a global pandemic in 2020.

86. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Government of India had established NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) to replace Planning Commission on 1st January, 2010.

Statement II: NITI Aayog formulates five year plans.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Solution:

Both statements are false. The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's Five-Year Plans.

The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established to replace the Planning Commission, but it was formed on January 1, 2015, not 2010.

Additionally, NITI Aayog does not formulate five-year plans like its predecessor. Instead, it's tasked with providing strategic and technical advice on various issues.

87. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Rain water generally has a corrosive action on lead pipes.
Reason (R): Rain water in general has a highly acidic pH.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Solution:

Rainwater can have a corrosive effect on lead pipes. This corrosiveness doesn't necessarily stem from the water itself being highly acidic. In fact, pure rainwater has a neutral pH.

However, due to atmospheric conditions, especially in urban areas with higher pollution, rainwater can absorb acidic elements, making it slightly acidic. However, the phrase "Rain water in general has a highly acidic pH" is a broad generalization and not accurate.

88. Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Industrialization paved way for majority of most significant changes in health in societies.

Reason (R): These changes were due to scientific thinking about illness and not the changes in living standards.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: C. (A) is correct but, (R) is not correct
Solution:

Industrialization did bring about significant changes in health in societies. With it came better sanitation, improved living conditions, and advancements in medicine.

However, saying that these changes were solely due to "scientific thinking about illness and not the changes in living standards" is an oversimplification.

Both scientific advancements and changes in living standards, hygiene, nutrition, and public health infrastructure played a role in the overall health transformation of societies.

89. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is 'Sufficient' cause of tuberculosis.
Statement II: 'Sufficient' cause means the disease cannot develop in its absence.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Solution:

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is indeed a cause of tuberculosis. However, it is not termed as the 'sufficient' cause. In epidemiology, a 'sufficient' cause means if the cause is present, the disease will always occur.

But one can be exposed to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and not develop active tuberculosis. Statement II is also false.

A 'sufficient' cause means that its presence guarantees the occurrence of the disease, but the disease can still develop in its absence due to other causes.

90. Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Coronary Heart Disease has risk factors that include physical inactivity and smoking.

Statement II: Relationship of physical inactivity and smoking to coronary heart disease is 'sufficient' but not 'necessary'.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. Statement I is true but Statement II is false D. Statem
Solution:

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) indeed has multiple risk factors, including physical inactivity and smoking. The more risk factors a person has, the higher the chance of developing CHD.

However, the relationship of physical inactivity and smoking to CHD is neither 'sufficient' nor 'necessary.' This means that while these factors significantly increase the risk, not everyone who smokes or is inactive will develop CHD.

Similarly, people who neither smoke nor are inactive can still develop CHD due to other risk factors like genetics or other comorbidities.