UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2023

Total Questions: 100

91. (Q.No. 91-95): Read the following data carefully and the questions that follow.

Data collected from an area having Mid Year Population (MYP) in year 2022 oої 10,000. The demographic data of Age-group 15-44 years is given in the table below:

Age groupMalesFemalesTotalNumber of live births
15-24 years740700144098
25-34 years8308001630120
35-44 years530500103062
Total210020004100280

Which among the following best represents the calculation of Crude Birth Rate for the year 2022 of the area from the above data?

Correct Answer: A.
Solution:


This calculation provides a basic measure of the birth rate in the area and is the simplest way to estimate the fertility level of the population. The other options incorrectly use different denominators that do not represent the total mid-year population.

92. The Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) for the age group 25-34 years for the year 2022 of the area from the above table will be (with multiplier as 1000 for calculation).

Correct Answer: D. 150
Solution:

The Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) for the age group 25-34 years is calculated using the formula:
This rate indicates the number of live births per 1000 women in this age group, highlighting the reproductive behaviour of this specific cohort.

93. Which among the following best represents the calculation of General Fertility Rate (GFR) for the year 2022 of the area from the above table:

Correct Answer: C.
Solution:


The GFR provides a more specific measure of fertility than the Crude Birth Rate by focusing on the reproductive age group of women, giving a better understanding of fertility levels within this segment of the population.

94. Which of the following range best covers calculated Total Fertility Rate (TFR) for the year 2022 of the area from the above table?

Correct Answer: D. More than or equal to 4

95. Which of the following best represents relationships between Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?

Correct Answer: B.
Solution:

The Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) is a measure of the number of daughters a woman would have in her lifetime, assuming she experiences current age-specific fertility rates and survives through her reproductive years.

GRR is typically about half of the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) because it only accounts for female births.
Therefore,
GRR = (1/2) × TFR
This relationship assumes an equal sex ratio at birth and helps in understanding the reproductive potential of a population in terms of replacing the female population.

96. In context of above scenario this person is to be registered on which portal of National Health Program of India?

Correct Answer: B. Nikshay
Solution:

The person should be registered on the Nikshay portal of the National Health Program of India. Nikshay is an online tool used by the government to track and manage the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients across India.

This portal helps in maintaining a centralized database of TB patients, ensuring proper follow-up, monitoring, and provision of necessary treatments.

Nirbhaya, Nishchay, and Niramaya are unrelated to TB management. Therefore, the correct portal for TB registration is Nikshay, which plays a critical role in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP).

97. In context of above scenario and before advising the person for investigations what was the most likely diagnosis in the doctor's mind for the person.

Correct Answer: A. Presumptive Pulmonary TB
Solution:

Before advising investigations, the most likely diagnosis in the doctor's mind was Presumptive Pulmonary TB.

This is based on the patient's symptoms of a persistent cough for 40 days, high-grade fever, and significant weight loss from 70 kg to 54 kg over two months. These symptoms are characteristic of pulmonary TB.

There was no indication of extrapulmonary TB, pediatric TB, or drug-resistant TB based on the history and initial presentation. Thus, the presumptive diagnosis was pulmonary TB, pending confirmation through diagnostic tests.

98. In context of above scenario, following investigations are the part of diagnostic algorithm for the purpose of making the diagnosis of Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis as per National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) program EXСЕРТ:

Correct Answer: D. Liver function test
Solution:

The liver function test is not part of the diagnostic algorithm for adult pulmonary tuberculosis as per the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP).

The primary diagnostic tools include Chest X-ray, Sputum Smear Examination, and CBNAAT (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test).

These tests are essential for confirming TB infection. Liver function tests are generally conducted to monitor the side effects of TB medications rather than for the initial diagnosis of TB.

Therefore, the focus on Chest X-ray, Sputum Smear Examination, and CBNAAT is crucial for diagnosing TB, while liver function tests are used for treatment monitoring.

99. In context of above scenario, which of the following drug is most likely to cause the Red Colouration of Urine during the course of treatment?

Correct Answer: B. Rifampicin
Solution:

Rifampicin is the drug most likely to cause red coloration of urine during TB treatment. Rifampicin, one of the primary medications used in the treatment of tuberculosis, is known to cause reddish or orange discoloration of bodily fluids, including urine.

This side effect is well documented and generally harmless but can be alarming to patients if they are not forewarned.

Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol do not cause this specific side effect, though they have other potential adverse effects. Therefore, the correct answer is Rifampicin.

100. In context of above scenario and on the basis of weight of person, how many fixed dose combinations (FDC) tablets are to be given daily in the first two months of commencement of treatment as per NTEР.

Correct Answer: A. 04
Solution:

Based on the weight of the person, 4 fixed dose combination (FDC) tablets are to be given daily in the first two months of commencement of treatment as per NTEP guidelines.

The person's weight is 54 kg, and according to the NTEP dosing schedule, patients weighing between 45 kg and 54 kg are prescribed 4 FDC tablets daily.

This combination includes Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol. The dosage is carefully calculated to ensure effective treatment while minimizing side effects. Therefore, 4 FDC tablets per day is the appropriate regimen for a patient of this weight.