UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2023

The target for the global maternal mortality ratio by 2030, as part of Goal 3.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is to reduce it to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.

This ambitious target aims to improve maternal health and ensure safe childbirth for all women worldwide. Reducing maternal mortality to less than 70 per 100,000 live births is a significant and achievable goal given current medical advancements and healthcare improvements.

Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they either set unrealistic targets (such as 0 per 100,000 live births) or do not align with the specific target of the SDGs.

Restorying is not a step in the phenomenological research approach. Phenomenological research focuses on exploring and understanding individuals' lived experiences.

Key steps include bracketing, where researchers set aside their preconceptions; horizonalization, which involves treating all data with equal importance initially; and identifying clusters of meaning to find common themes.

Restorying, on the other hand, is a technique crten used in narrative research to reshape and reinterpret stories. Therefore, options A, C, and D are correct steps within phenomenological research.

The revised 2015 Jones criteria are used for the diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). These criteria help identify the clinical manifestations and lab findings necessary to diagnose acute rheumatic fever, which can lead to RHD.

They include major and minor clinical criteria and evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because the Jones criteria are not related to Alzheimer's disease, stroke, or HIV/AIDS, which have their own distinct diagnostic criteria and tools.

In a normal distribution curve, the area covered under Mean +2 Standard Deviations is approximately 95%.

This means that about 95% of the data points fall within two standard deviations of the mean, indicating a high level of concentration around the mean.

Options A, C, and D are incorrect because 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation, approximately 98% within three standard deviations, and around 99.7% within three standard deviations. The 95% coverage is specific to the ±2 standard deviations range.

Taking an average annual exponential growth rate of 1.64% into consideration, the number of years required for India's population to double is approximately 35-47 years. The rule of 70 (doubling time = 70/growth rate) helps estimate this, where 70 / 1.64 = 42.7 years.

Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the doubling time based on the given growth rate. A growth rate of 1.64% results in a doubling time that falls within the 35-47 years range, making this the correct estimate.

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is the nodal ministry for the welfare of the disabled in India. This ministry is responsible for formulating policies, implementing programs, and coordinating activities for the empowerment of persons with disabilities.

It oversees various schemes and initiatives aimed at improving accessibility, education, employment, and social inclusion for disabled individuals.

Options B, C, and D are incorrect because the Ministry of Labour focuses on labor issues, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on healthcare, and the Ministry of Education on educational matters, none of which are the primary responsibilities for disability welfare.

As of the year 2022, approximately 65% of India's populatior. lives in rural areas. This figure is based on demographic data and trends that show a significant portion of India's population residing in villages and rural regions, reflecting the country's agrarian base and rural-centric demographics.

Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they either underestimate or overestimate the rural population proportion. The nearest and most accurate representation of the rural population proportion is around 65%.

The denominator while calculating the crude literacy rate in India is the total population irrespective of age in a given year. This measure assesses the percentage of literate individuals in the entire population, providing a broad indicator of a country's literacy level.

Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they specify age ranges, which are not used in the calculation of the crude literacy rate. The crude literacy rate takes the total population into account to reflect the overall literacy status.

ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) is the main person providing Home-Based Newborn Care (HBNC) as per the concerned National Health Program in India.

ASHAs are trained community health workers who visit homes to provide essential newborn care, educate mothers on newborn health practices, and ensure timely medical referrals if needed.

Options B, C, and D are incorrect as staff nurses, Anganwadi workers (AWW), and Lady Health Visitors (LHV) have different roles within the healthcare system, with ASHAS being specifically designated for HBNC under the National Health Mission.