UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2023

Proteins are said to be "biologically complete" if they contain all the essential amino acids in amounts corresponding to human needs. This means the protein has all nine essential amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize on its own.

Proteins can also supply energy when calorie intake is inadequate, but this is not their primary function.

They primarily function in building and repairing tissues, and supporting metabolic processes. Option (a) is incorrect because proteins do not always contain sulphur; only some amino acids contain sulphur.

Option (d) is incorrect as animal sources of protein are generally richer in essential amino acids compared to vegetable sources. Therefore, the correct answer includes options (b) and (c) only.

The goals of the Indian Newborn Action Plan (2014) include attaining a single digit neonatal mortality rate by 2030 and attaining a single digit stillbirth rate by 2030.

These goals aim to significantly reduce infant mortality and improve neonatal health outcomes. Achieving 100% institutional deliveries by 2025 and providing home-based newborn care to over 80% of newborns by 2025 are not explicitly stated goals of this plan. Therefore, the correct answer includes options (a) and (c) only.

The criteria for launching a screening program for any disease include that the condition should be an important health problem, there should be an effective treatment for the disease, and there should be a suitable screening test available.

The screening test must be acceptable to the participants, not the opposite, which makes option (c) incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer includes options (a), (b), and (d) only.

In a child having severe dehydration, signs include being not able to drink or drinking poorly and being lethargic or unconscious. These are critical indicators of severe dehydration that require immediate medical attention.

Drinking eagerly and being thirsty, as well as being restless or irritable, are signs of moderate dehydration, not severe dehydration. Therefore, the correct answer includes options (a) and (c) only.

Oils and fats, as well as sugar, have negligible protein content per 100 grams of the raw food. These foods are primarily composed of fats and carbohydrates, respectively, and do not contribute significantly to protein intake.

Milk and soybeans, on the other hand, are rich in protein and are important dietary sources of this macronutrient. Therefore, the correct answer includes options (b) and (d) only.

Social anatomy deals with principal forms of social structure such as family, primary groups, secondary groups, etc., in society. It examines the fundamental social units that constitute society.

Social physiology focuses on the social functions and relationships within all social structures, analyzing how these relationships maintain societal balance and functionality.

Social therapy addresses remedies for social problems, offering solutions to societal issues such as poverty, inequality, and social injustice.

Social control involves preventing the development of social pathology in society, ensuring social norms and laws are followed to maintain order. Therefore, the correct match is: (a) III, (b) IV, (c) I, (d) II.

Hunger is defined as distress related to lack of food, indicating immediate and severe food deprivation.

Hidden hunger refers to micronutrient deficiencies, which occur when the intake or absorption of vitamins and minerals is insufficient, leading to long-term health issues despite adequate caloric intake.

Undernutrition involves deficiencies in energy, protein, and/or micronutrients, affecting overall growth and health.

Undernourishment is characterized by chronic calorie deficiency, where individuals consume less than the minimum energy required to live a healthy and productive life. Therefore, the correct match is: (a) II, (b) IV, (c) I, (d) III.

Sensitivity is the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease, calculated as True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative). Specificity measures a test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease, calculated as True Negative / (True Negative + False Positive).

Positive predictive value indicates the proportion of true positive results among all positive test results, calculated as True Positive / Total Positive on the test.

Negative predictive value indicates the proportion of true negative results among all negative test results, calculated as True Negative / Total Negative on the test. Therefore, the correct match is: (a) II, (b) I, (c) IV, (d) III.

Difficulty in hearing is a physiological barrier, which affects the ability to receive and process auditory information. Emotional disturbances are a psychological barrier, influencing the ability to communicate effectively due to emotional instability or stress.

Congestion in a classroom represents an environmental barrier, where physical conditions hinder effective communication.

The level of knowledge is a cultural barrier, impacting understanding and interaction based on varying educational backgrounds and cultural norms. Therefore, the correct match is: (a) IV, (b) III, (c) II, (d) I.

Hard ticks are vectors for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Soft ticks transmit relapsing fever, caused by Borrelia species.

Mites are vectors for scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Fleas are vectors for endemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi.

These vector-disease relationships are crucial for understånding and controlling the spread of these infectious diseases. Therefore, the correct match is: (a) III, (b) IV, (c) I, (d) II.