UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2024

Total Questions: 74

11. Under the Community Development Programme, the rural areas of the country have been organized into Community Development Blocks. Which among the following statements is NOT correct?

Correct Answer: 2. The Community Development Block consists of about 1000 villages
Solution:

This statement is NOT correct. A Community Development (CD) Block in India typically consists of a cluster of around 100 villages, not 1000.

It covers a population of approximately 80,000 to 1,20,000 people, which aligns with rural demographic patterns. The CD Block is the administrative unit for planning and development, headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO).

The Community Development Programme was indeed launched on 2nd October 1952 to bring about holistic rural development through coordinated efforts in agriculture, education, health, and infrastructure. Therefore, statement 2 exaggerates the scale and is incorrect.

12. Which of the following is NOT part of 4 basic principles or law of probability?

Correct Answer: 4. The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcome of experiment can be more than 1
Solution:

This statement is NOT part of the fundamental laws of probability. In probability theory:
The probability of an impossible event is 0.
The probability of a certain event is 1.
All probabilities lie between 0 and 1, inclusive.
The sum of probabilities of all mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive outcomes of a random experiment is exactly 1, never more than 1.
Therefore, statement 4 is false and does not conform to the basic principles of probability.

13. A six month old child with cough, respiratory rate of 56 breaths per minute and no other danger signs/stridor, will be classified as________colour category and diagnosis of as per Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) guidelines.

Correct Answer: 2. Yellow, Pneumonia
Solution:

As per the IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness) guidelines, a six-month-old child with:

  • Cough
  • Respiratory rate of 56 breaths per minute (which is above the normal threshold of 50 breaths/min for children aged 2-12 months),
  • And no danger signs like chest indrawing, stridor, or lethargy, is classified under the YELLOW category, which indicates Pneumonia requiring antibiotic treatment but not urgent referral. If the child had chest indrawing or danger signs, it would fall under the PINK category (Severe Pneumonia) requiring urgent referral.

14. 'Management' consists of four basic activities, in theory. Which one among the following is NOT one of the basic activities?

Correct Answer: 1. Forecasting
Solution:

In classical management theory, the four basic activities of management are:

Planning
Organizing
Leading/Directing
Controlling/Monitoring

Forecasting is sometimes considered part of planning or a supplementary function but is not one of the four basic universally accepted activities of management.

Therefore, among the given options, forecasting is not classified as a core management activity in the basic framework.

15. A Randomized controlled trial comparing the efficiency of two drugs showed a difference between the two (p-value < 0.05), when in reality they do not differ. This is therefore an example of:

Correct Answer: 1. Type I error (α)
Solution:

A Type I error (α) occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true -i.e., finding a false positive. In this scenario, the randomized controlled trial shows a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two drugs, but in reality, no true difference exists. This incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis is a Type I error, and the probability of this error is denoted by α (typically set at 0.05 or 5%).

16. Which one of the following terms best fits the definition: "the day-to-day follow-up of activities during their implementation to ensure that they are proceeding as planned and are on schedule"?

Correct Answer: 4. Monitoring
Solution:

The term that best fits the definition "the day-to-day follow-up of activities during their implementation to ensure that they are proceeding as planned and are on schedule" is Monitoring.

Monitoring is a continuous, ongoing process that tracks the progress of programs and activities during their implementation phase. It ensures that inputs, activities, and outputs are consistent with expected timelines and standards.

It helps in identifying delays or deviations early and allows corrective actions to be taken promptly. Unlike evaluation, which is done periodically and assesses impact or outcomes, monitoring is real-time supervision.

17. Among the given options which option is NOT a direct step by Government of India to control poverty'?

Correct Answer: 3. Sparsh Campaign
Solution:

Among the listed options, Sparsh Campaign is not a direct step to control poverty. The Sparsh Leprosy Awareness Campaign (SLAC) was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to promote awareness and reduce stigma related to leprosy, not poverty.
On the other hand:

  • Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP),
  • Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), and
  • National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)

were direct anti-poverty programmes initiated by the Government of India to improve livelihoods, generate employment, and uplift rural communities.

18. According to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2016-2030, a target under which goal is related to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water to all:

Correct Answer: 4. Goal 6
Solution:

Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016-2030, Goal 6 is titled: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all".

One of its specific targets is: "By 2030, achieve **universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all."

This goal emphasizes safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), which are crucial for health, dignity, and development, especially in low-income and developing nations.

19. One of the points to be considered in a Sanitary Well is that there should be a pucca drain to carry off spilled water to a public drain or pit; constructed beyond the area of drainage of the well. Which among the following is another term for 'area of drainage?

Correct Answer: 3. Cone of filtration
Solution:

In the context of a sanitary well, the "cone of filtration" refers to the inverted cone-shaped zone around the well from which water seeps into the well during pumping.

It defines the area influenced by the withdrawal of groundwater and is also called the area of drainage.

To maintain the well's sanitary safety, waste or drainage water (e.g., spilled water) should be discharged outside this cone to prevent contamination of the water source.

20. Under Ayushman Bharat - School Health Programme, the frequency of classroom transactions by "Health and Wellness Ambassadors" should be:

Correct Answer: 2. Weekly
Solution:

Under the Ayushman Bharat - School Health Programme, the Health and Wellness Ambassadors, who are trained school teachers, are expected to conduct classroom-based health promotion activities once every week.

These weekly sessions include age-appropriate education on health and wellness, hygiene, nutrition, mental health, prevention of substance abuse, etc. This initiative aims to instill healthy behaviours early in school-aged children as part of a comprehensive school health policy.