UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2024

The correct order of steps in the process of behaviour change is:
C. Informed: First, the individual becomes informed about the health issue or behaviour.
B. Concerned: Once informed, the person begins to feel concern regarding the issue and its impact.
D. Motivated to change: Concern leads to internal motivation to alter the behaviour.
A. Adoption of new behaviour: Finally, the individual adopts the desired new behaviour.

This model reflects the logical flow of awareness, emotional engagement, intent, and action in behaviour change theories used in health education and promotion.

The correct chronological order of key health programmes for women and children is:
B. National Family Planning Programme (1952): First government programme focused on population stabilization.

A. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Programme (1975): Aimed at improving the health, nutrition, and education of children under 6 years and pregnant/ lactating women.

D. ARI (Acute Respiratory Infections) Control Programme (1990s): Focused on reducing mortality and morbidity due to respiratory infections in children.

C. Reproductive and Child Health Programme (1997): Integrated maternal and child health, family planning, and reproductive health services under one umbrella.

The correct sequence of clinical progression of rabies in humans is:
B. Bite: Transmission of rabies virus through an animal bite.

E. Prodromal stage: Early non-specific symptoms like fever, malaise, and local tingling at bite site.

A. Aerophobia, Hydrophobia: Hallmark neurological signs of furious rabies begin due to brain involvement.

C. Paralysis and Coma: As the disease progresses, paralysis sets in, followed by coma. D. Death: The disease is almost universally fatal once symptoms appear.

The correct sequence in the planning cycle starting from problem formulation is:

C. Assigning priorities among problems: After problems are identified, priority setting is done based on severity, feasibility, and impact.

D. Defining programme objectives: Clear, measurable goals are formulated based on prioritized problems.

B. Implementation of the programme: Execution of interventions takes place as per plan.

A. Collection of data for evaluation: Finally, data is collected to assess the programme's performance and outcomes.

The correct sequence of steps in epidemic investigation is:
B. Verification of diagnosis: Confirm the clinical and laboratory diagnosis in reported cases.

D. Confirmation of the existence of an outbreak: Determine if the number of cases exceeds the expected levels.

A. Defining the population at-risk: Identify who is susceptible or exposed.

C. Testing the hypothesis: Analyze data to test possible sources or causes of the outbreak. This structured approach ensures systematic and effective outbreak control and prevention.

The correct chronological order of the stages in the demographic cycle is:

C. High Stationary: Both birth and death rates are high, resulting in slow population growth (seen in pre-industrial societies).

B. Late Expanding: Death rate declines due to health improvements, but birth rate remains high, leading to population explosion.

A. Low Stationary: Both birth and death rates decline and stabilize at low levels, leading to zero population growth.

D. Declining: Birth rate falls below death rate, causing a decline in population (as seen in some developed countries like Japan and Germany).

The correct descending order from broadest to most specific among planning end results is:

C. Goal: The broad, long-term desired outcome of a program or policy.

A. Objective: A more specific statement that guides actions to achieve the goal, typically time-bound and measurable.

B. Target: The most specific, numeric benchmark within the objective (e.g., vaccinate 90% of children under 1 year in a district by year-end).

The 'Rule of Halves' for hypertension indicates:
B. Total hypertensive subjects: 100% (all those who have high blood pressure)
D. Diagnosed hypertension: About 50% of hypertensive individuals are diagnosed.
C. Initiated on treatment: Of those diagnosed, 50% are initiated on treatment.
A. Adequately treated: Of those treated, 50% achieve adequate control.

This reflects the public health challenge that only about 12.5% of all hypertensives are adequately controlled.

The correct sequence for treatment of drug addicts is:
B. Identification: Recognizing individuals with substance use disorder.
A. Motivation: Engaging the individual's readiness to quit and seek help.
C. Detoxification: Medical management of withdrawal symptoms.
E. Post-detoxification counselling: Psychological support to prevent relapse.
D. Rehabilitation: Long-term reintegration into society through therapy, vocational training, and continued support.

The correct chronological order of major health committees in India is:
B. Chadha Committee (1963): Recommended integration of health services, especially with focus on malaria and family planning.
D. Jungalwalla Committee (1967): Proposed unified health services and elimination of private practice by government doctors.
A. Shrivastav Committee (1975): Suggested the development of a referral system and creation of a cadre of community health workers.
C. Bajaj Committee (1986): Recommended strategies for medical education reforms and manpower planning.