UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2024

Total Questions: 74

51. Arrange the following dietary fats and oils consumed in India, as per their increasing (lower to higher) order of percentage Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs) content, as per the ICMR-NIN Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024?

A. Coconut oil
B. Ghee
C. Groundnut oil
D. Mustard oil
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. D, C, B, A
Solution:

As per the ICMR-NIN Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024, the dietary fats and oils can be arranged in increasing order of their Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) content as follows:

D. Mustard oil: ~ 7% SFA - among the lowest in saturated fats.
C. Groundnut oil: ~ 17% SFA.
B. Ghee: ~ 62% SFA.
A. Coconut oil: ~ 90% SFA - highest among commonly consumed Indian fats/oils.

Thus, the increasing order of SFA content is: Mustard oil < Groundnut oil < Ghee < Coconut oil.

52. Among the given phases, which sequence best represents the phases of family life cycle starting from the phase of 'Formation'?

A. Extension
B. Dissolution
C. Complete extension
D. Complete contraction
E. Contraction
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. A, C, E, D, B
Solution:

The correct sequence of the Family Life Cycle starting from Formation phase is:
A. Extension: Begins with marriage and birth of children.
C. Complete Extension: Family has grown, with all children born and dependent.
E. Contraction: Begins when children start leaving home.
D. Complete Contraction: All children have left, leaving only the couple (or single parent). B. Dissolution: The family ends with the death of one or both spouses.

This sequence reflects the dynamic structure and dependency transitions in a family unit over time.

53. As part of the Triphasic oral contraceptive pill, choose the correct order of combination dose of levonorgestrel (L-NGL) and Ethinyl Estradiol (EE) given for first 6 days of menstrual cycle, next 5 days and then next 10 days respectively:

A. 0.075 mg L-NGL and 0.04 mg EE
B. 0.05 mg L-NGL and 0.03 mg EE
C. 0.125 mg L-NGL and 0.03 mg EE
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. B, A, C
Solution:

In a Triphasic oral contraceptive pill, the dosage of Levonorgestrel (L-NGL) and Ethinyl Estradiol (EE) is varied over three phases in a cycle to mimic the natural hormonal fluctuations, improving cycle control and reducing side effects.

The correct sequence of dosing over the menstrual cycle is:

First 6 days: 0.05 mg L-NGL + 0.03 mg EE (Option B)
Next 5 days: 0.075 mg L-NGL + 0.04 mg EE (Option A)
Last 10 days: 0.125 mg L-NGL + 0.03 mg EE (Option C)

Hence, the correct order is: B, A, C.

54. Arrange the following food items as per their increasing order (lowest to highest) of protein content per 100 grams of raw food?

A. Cow's milk
B. Egg
C. Soyabean
D. Sugar
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. D, A, B, C
Solution:

The increasing order of protein content per 100 grams of raw food is:
D. Sugar: 0 g protein - purely carbohydrate.
A. Cow's milk: ~ 3.2 g protein per 100 mL.
B. Egg: ~ 13 g protein per 100 g.
C. Soyabean: ~ 36-40 g protein per 100 g - highest among vegetarian sources. Therefore, the correct increasing order is: Sugar < Milk < Egg < Soyabean.

55. Arrange the given Panchayati Raj institutions from lowest (village) to the highest (district) level?

A. Zilla Parishad
B. Panchayat Samiti
C. Gram Panchayat
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 4. С, В, А
Solution:

The correct hierarchy of Panchayati Raj institutions from lowest to highest level is:

C. Gram Panchayat: At the village level - the base unit of governance.

B. Panchayat Samiti: At the block or intermediate level.

A. Zilla Parishad: At the district level - the top tier of the three-tier Panchayati Raj system.

This structure was recommended by the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee and later institutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

56. Factor H, J and L can each individually cause a certain disease without the other two factors but only when followed by exposure to factor Z. Exposure to factor Z alone is not followed by the disease, but the disease never occurs in the absence of exposure to factor Z. Factor Z is:

A. Necessary
B. Not necessary
C. Sufficient
D. Not sufficient
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 2. A and D only
Solution:

In this scenario, Factor Z is described such that:
The disease never occurs without Z, which makes Z a necessary factor.
But Z alone does not cause the disease, which means it is not sufficient.

Also, Factors H, J, or L can each cause the disease only when Z is present, so Z must always be there, but it needs to be combined with any one of the other factors.
Thus, Z is necessary but not sufficient for the disease to occur.
Correct pair: A and D only.

57. Which among the following are correct solutions regarding improvement of tanks in which surface water is stored, as a source of water?

A. Addition of chlorine
B. Subjecting the tank water to some sand filtration
C. Edges of the tank be depressed (lowered)
D. A depressed (lowered) platform from where people can draw water
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 1. A and B only
Solution:

For improvement of tanks used for storing surface water, two scientifically sound methods are:

A. Addition of chlorine: To disinfect the water and kill pathogens.
B. Sand filtration: To remove turbidity and suspended particles before chlorination.

Options C and D (lowering the edges/platforms) increase risk of contamination, as they allow surface runoff or human contact with water, thus not considered improvements. Therefore, correct answer: A and B only.

58. Among the given options, which are the features of a community which make it different from a society? Select the features which are seen in a community.

A. No common sentiments
B. Common sentiments
C. Concrete
D. Abstract
E. No definite boundaries
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. B and C only
Solution:

A community is characterized by:
B. Common sentiments: Members of a community share emotional bonds, interests, or goals (e.g., cultural, religious, linguistic).

C. Concrete: Communities exist in real, physical spaces, such as villages, towns, or neighbourhoods.

On the other hand:
Society is more abstract, and may not share common sentiments or definite boundaries. Thus, community is B (common sentiments) and C (concrete).

59. Which of the following options are correct regarding post-coital (emergency) contraception?

A. Levonorgestrel 0.75 mg tablet within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and another tablet after 12 hours of first dose.
B. Two oral contraceptive pills containing 35 mcg Ethinyl estradiol within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and two tablets after 12 hours.
C. Two oral contraceptive pills containing 50 mcg of Ethinyl estradiol within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and two tablets after 12 hours.
D. Mifepristone 50 mg once within 72 hours.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

Correct Answer: 2. A and C only
Solution:

Regarding emergency (post-coital) contraception, the following are valid:

A. Levonorgestrel 0.75 mg: One dose within 72 hours, followed by another after 12 hours (or a single dose of 1.5 mg is also accepted).

C. Yuzpe method: Two combined oral contraceptive pills containing 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol (and levonorgestrel) within 72 hours, followed by another two after 12 hours.

Option B (35 mcg EE) is not a standard dosage for the Yuzpe method. Option D (Mifepristone 50 mg)** is used in medical abortion, not as first-ljne emergency contraception. So, correct: A and C only.

60. Which of the following tests are type of non-parametric test?

A. t-test
B. ANOVA test
C. Mann-Whitney U test
D. Kruskal-Wallis test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: 3. C and D only
Solution:

The following are non-parametric tests:

C. Mann-Whitney U test: Used instead of unpaired t-test when data is not normally distributed.

D. Kruskal-Wallis test: Used as a non-parametric alternative to ANOVA for comparing more than two groups.

Whereas:
A. t-test and B. ANOVA are parametric tests, which assume normal distribution of data and are used when data is interval or ratio scaled. Hence, correct answer: C and D only.