UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2025

Total Questions: 95

11. As per the 'report of NFHS-5, which of the following has been characterized as the main reasons for abortion in urban India?

Correct Answer: 3. unplanned pregnancy and health did not permit
Solution:

The NFHS-5 (2019-21) shows that most abortions in urban India occur due to factors linked to unintended pregnancies.

The two most cited reasons are unplanned pregnancy (arising from contraceptive failure or lack of use) and cases where the woman's health did not permit continuation of the pregnancy.
These reflect both social and medical considerations highlighted in the survey data.

12. Which of the following is NOT as cause of educational deprivation?

Correct Answer: 2. Electoral participation
Solution:

Educational deprivation arises from factors that hinder access to, or participation in, quality education - such as poverty, poor school infrastructure, low parental motivation, and economic constraints.

Electoral participation, however, has no direct causal link with education deprivation. It pertains to political involvement, not educational access or quality. Hence, it is not a cause of educational deprivation.

13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ice lined refrigerator (ILR)?

Correct Answer: 2. ILRs maintain a cabinet temperature between -15° to -25° Celsius.
Solution:

An Ice Lined Refrigerator (ILR) is a specialized cold chain equipment used for storing vaccines at health facilities. It operates on the vapour compression system, maintains temperatures between +2°C to +8°C, and is top-opening to minimize cold air loss. ILRs are classified based on vaccine storage capacity.

Therefore, the statement that ILRs "maintain a cabinet temperature between -15°C to -25°C" is incorrect, as that range applies to deep freezers, not ILRs.

14. Identify the incorrect statement regarding host factors of chickenpox:

Correct Answer: 3. In adults, it is never severe in its clinical manifestation.
Solution:

Chickenpox (Varicella) is a viral infection primarily affecting children under 10 years, providing lifelong immunity after one infection. It can be severe in adults, often with complications like pneumonia or encephalitis.

Infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital varicella syndrome, affecting the fetus. Therefore, the statement claiming that chickenpox "is never severe in adults" is incorrect, as adults typically experience more serious symptoms and complications.

15. Identify the incorrect statement about snake bites:

Correct Answer: 1. First-aid recommendations are universal, not dependent on the snakes inhabiting the regions.
Solution:

Snakebite management varies by region and type of snake, hence first-aid recommendations are not universal - they must be tailored to local snake species and venom types.

Non-venomous bites can still cause injury or infection; venomous bites may cause neurotoxic effects such as respiratory paralysis, or allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. Thus, the statement claiming that "first-aid recommendations are universal" is incorrect.

16. Which of the following is obtained by joining the mid-points of the histogram blocks?

Correct Answer: 4. Frequency Polygon
Solution:

When you join the mid-points of the tops of histogram blocks using straight lines, the resulting graph is called a Frequency Polygon. It is used to represent frequency distributions in a smooth, continuous manner and helps compare multiple datasets easily.

The area under the frequency polygon is the same as that under the histogram, and it gives a clearer picture of the data trend.

17. Which of the following in method of Health Communication involve individuals to enact their roles as they have observed or experienced them?

Correct Answer: 2. Role playing
Solution:

The Role Playing method in health communication engages individuals by having them act out reallife situations or roles they have experienced or observed.

It helps participants understand different perspectives, practice communication skills, and modify health-related behaviors through active involvement. It is especially effective in teaching interpersonal and counseling skills in health education.

18. The dataset of 50 individuals concerning their diastolic blood pressure needs to undergo a statistical test for assessing normal distribution. Which of the following can be used in this care?

Correct Answer: 3. Kolmogmuov-Smirnov test
Solution:

To check if a dataset (like diastolic blood pressure readings of 50 individuals) follows a normal distribution, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is appropriate.

This non-parametric test compares the observed cumulative frequency distribution with the expected normal distribution. It is suitable for moderate to large samples and helps determine if parametric statistical tests can be applied.

19. The Child Marriage Restraint Act in India and use of compulsory seat belts in western countries are examples of which type of approach of health education.

Correct Answer: 3. Regulatory approach
Solution:

The Child Marriage Restraint Act and compulsory seat belt laws are examples of the Regulatory Approach to health education. This approach focuses on enforcing laws and regulations to bring about behavior change for public health protection.

Instead of relying on voluntary compliance, it uses legal authority and policy enforcement to ensure health and safety standards are met.

20. The most common cause of death on account of a serious complication of measles, worldwide, is:

Correct Answer: 3. Pneumonia
Solution:

The most frequent cause of death from measles complications worldwide is pneumonia. Measles suppresses the immune system, making patients-especially children-highly vulnerable to secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia.

This complication accounts for a majority of measles-related deaths globally, particularly in undernourished children in low-resource settings.