UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, January-2025

The timeline of key immunization milestones in India from earliest to latest is as follows:

D. TT vaccine for pregnant women - introduced in 1978 under the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI).

E. Measles added in UIP - added in 1985 with the launch of the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).

A. Polio National Immunization Days (NIDs) - started in 1995 under the Pulse Polio Programme.

C. VVM (Vaccine Vial Monitor) introduced - implemented in 1996-97 to ensure vaccine potency. B. Hepatitis B universalized - included in UIP nationally in 2011.

Chronological order of major environmental events (recent to oldest):

B. UNEР – СОР-28 - held in 2023 in Dubai, focusing on climate action and renewable energy transition.

A. Effective Day of Minamata Convention on Mercury - came into effect in 2017 to curb mercury pollution.

D. UN - Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - adopted in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda.

C. Rio+20 - held in 2012, also known as the UN Conference on Sustainable Development. Arranging them from recent to oldest:
B (2023), A (2017), D (2015), С (2012).

The chronological development of India's water supply and sanitation programs is as follows:

B. National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme - launched in 1954, marking the beginning of organized efforts.

C. Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission - started in 1986 to ensure safe drinking water in rural areas.

D. Swajaldhara Programme - introduced in 2002, emphasizing community participation. A. Bharat Nirman - launched in 2005, focusing on rural infrastructure including water supply.

Chronological order of vaccine introductions:
B. Smallpox vaccine - developed by Edward Jenner in 1796, the world's first vaccine.
A. Hepatitis B vaccine - introduced in 1981.
D. Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine - licensed in 1995.
C. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccine introduced in 2006.

The WHO clinical staging of HIV disease (in adults and adolescents) progresses as follows: A. Asymptomatic - Stage 1: No symptoms, normal functioning.

D. Recurrent respiratory tract infections Stage 2: Mild symptomatic stage.

B. Unexplained persistent fever (intermittent or constant for >1 month) - Stage 3: Advanced HIV disease.

C. HIV encephalopathy - Stage 4: Severe disease/AIDS-defining condition. Thus, the correct chronological order of clinical feature progression is 1: A, D, B, С.

The following health-related days are observed annually on specific dates:

A. World Cancer Day - February 4
C. World Health Day - April 7
D. World Breastfeeding Week - August 1-7
B. World AIDS Day - December 1
Arranging from January to December gives the order: A → С → D → B.

The chronological order of establishment of the given institutions is:

E. Ayurveda Pharmacopeia – 1962, established to set standards for Ayurvedic formulations.

C. Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) - 1971, for regulation of education and practice in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha systems.

D. Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) - 1973, to regulate homeopathy education and practice.

A. National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore - 1984, a premier postgraduate Unani medical institute.

B. Ministry of AYUSH – 2014, established to promote traditional systems of medicine. Hence, the correct order is E, C, D, A, В.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines three key areas of e-Health as:

B. Delivery of health information and records includes electronic health records and telemedicine.

D. Using the power of information technology and e-commerce platforms to improve public health infrastructure.

E. Use of e-commerce and e-business practices in health management systems.

These focus on digital health communication, efficient health management, and system strengthening through technology.

The correct sequence of sewage treatment steps in a modern sewage treatment plant is:

C. Screening - removes large floating materiais (plastics, debris).

A. Grit chamber - removes sand, stones, and grit.

B. Primary sedimentation tank - settles suspended solids.

D. Sludge digester - decomposes organic matter in sludge anaerobically.

Hence, the sequence is C → A → B → D.

The health planning process follows a systematic order:

D. Analysis of Health Situation - identifying existing health problems.

C. Assessment of Resources - determining available manpower, finances, and infrastructure.

A. Formulating the Plan - setting priorities, objectives, and strategies.

E. Implementation - executing the planned activities.

B. Evaluation - measuring progress and effectiveness.
Thus, correct sequence is D→C→ A→E→ В.