UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, June-2025

The correct sequence of steps in investigating an acute outbreak (from start to end) is as follows:

D. Confirmation of existence of an outbreak - Verify if the number of cases exceeds the expected level.

A. Develop hypothesis - Based on preliminary data, form a possible explanation for the cause and source.

B. Test hypothesis - Use analytical epidemiologic methods (e.g., case-control or cohort studies) to test the hypothesis.

C. Writing the report – Document the findings, conclusions, and recommendations for control and prevention.
Hence, the correct order is: D → A → В → С.

Let's arrange the evolution of Nutrition Programs in India from the oldest to the most recent:
B. Public Distribution System (PDS) - Launched in 1940s, to provide essential food grains at subsidized prices.

A. Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) - Started in 1975, to provide supplementary nutrition, health, and education to children and mothers.

C. Annapurna Scheme - Introduced in 2000, to provide free food grains to senior citizens not covered under other social security schemes.

D. National Nutrition Mission (Poshan Abhiyaan) - Launched in 2018, to improve nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Thus, the chronological order is: B→A→C→D.

Let's arrange the Voluntary Health Agencies in India according to their year of establishment, from oldest to newest:

C. The All India Blind Relief Society - Established in 1946, focusing on blindness prevention and eye care.

B. Family Planning Association of India (FPAI) - Established in 1949, pioneering family planning and reproductive health services.

D. Bharat Sevak Samaj - Founded in 1952, a national organization promoting social welfare and community development.

A. Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB) - Set up in 1953 by the Government of India for welfare programs for women and children.
Thus, the correct chronological order is: C →B → D → А.

A slow sand filter is used in water purification and consists of several layers arranged from top to bottom as follows:

D. Supernatant water - The raw water stored above the sand bed.

C. Sand bed - The main filtering medium where biological and mechanical purification occurs.

B. Gravel support - Provides structural support and prevents sand from being washed away.

A. Filter bottom- Contains under-drains that collect the filtered water. Hence, the correct order from top to bottom is: D → C → В → А.

The planning cycle in health system management involves a logical sequence of steps from identifying problems to evaluating outcomes. The correct order is:

A. Formulate health problems - Identify and analyze community health needs and prioritize issues.

B. Define programme objectives - Set clear, measurable, and achievable objectives to address the identified problems.

D. Programming and implementation - Develop action plans, allocate resources, and carry out the interventions.

C. Monitoring - Continuously assess the progress and ensure the program is being implemented as planned.

Thus, the sequence from start to end is A→  B → D → С.

Under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), laboratories are organized in a hierarchical structure from the lowest (peripheral) to the highest (national) level as follows:

B. Designated Microscopy Centres (DMCs) - Located at peripheral health institutions for sputum microscopy.

C. Culture and Drug Susceptibility Testing (C&DST) Laboratories - Conduct culture and drug resistance testing at intermediate levels.

A. Intermediate Reference Laboratories (IRLs) - Function at the state level to provide quality assurance and advanced diagnostics.

D. National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) - Apex centers for TB diagnosis, research, and quality control at the national level.
Therefore, the correct sequence from lowest to highest level is B→С→А→D.

The chronological order of the Health Committees in India based on their year of recommendations (oldest to most recent) is as follows:

B. Chadha Committee (1963): Formed to study the maintenance phase of the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP). It introduced the Basic Health Worker (BHW) concept to integrate malaria and general health services.

D. Kartar Singh Committee (1973): Recommended the Multipurpose Health Worker (MPW) scheme and the integration of family planning and health services at the peripheral level.

C. Mehta Committee (1986): Also known as the Krishnan Committee, it focused on organizational restructuring of primary health care and family welfare programs for better coordination.

A. Bajaj Committee (1986): Aimed to evolve a National Health Manpower Policy, focusing on health manpower planning, development, and management.

Hence, the correct chronological order is:  B→ D→ С→ А.

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Indians (ICMR-NIN, 2024) for a sedentary adult male, the approximate recommended daily intake (in grams) from each food group is:

B. Fats and oils: 25-40 g (lowest)
C. Green leafy vegetables: 100 g
D. Pulses and beans: 60 g
A. Cereals and millets: 270-300 g (highest)
Arranging these in increasing order of requirement (lowest → highest): В → С → D → A.

Let's arrange the historical human experiments chronologically from oldest to newest:

B. James Lind (Scurvy – 1747): Conducted one of the first controlled clinical trials among sailors, proving that citrus fruits prevent scurvy.

D. Edward Jenner (Cowpox – 1796): Performed the first vaccination experiment, showing that cowpox protects against smallpoх.

A. Finlay and Reed (Yellow Fever - 1881- 1900): Demonstrated that Aedes mosquitoes transmit yellow fever.

C. Goldberger (Pellagra – 1914): Proved that pellagra was caused by nutritional deficiencу (niacin deficiency), not infection.
Hence, the correct sequence from oldest to newest is: B→ D→ A → С.

Let's arrange the major maternal and child health programs in India chronologically:

B. Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme (CSSM) – 1992: Launched to reduce maternal and infant mortality and promote safe motherhood.

A. Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme - 1997: Integrated reproductive health, child survival, and family planning components.

D. Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) Strategy - 2013: Expanded the focus to include adolescent health, adopting a continuum of care approach.

C. India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) - 2014: Launched under RMNCH+A to accelerate reduction of newborn mortality.
Thus, the correct chronological order from earliest to latest is: B → A → D → С.