UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Medicine & Community Health, June-2025

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) identified five key action areas essential for promoting health globally. Let's analyze the options:

A. Public-private partnership - Not one of the five action areas (though partnerships are important, they're not specifically listed in the Charter).

B. Create supporting environment for health - Correct. Aims to make physical, social, and economic environments conducive to healthy living.

C. Strengthen community action for health - Correct. Encourages empowering communities to identify and act upon their health priorities.

D. Re-orient health services - Correct. Shifts focus from curative to preventive and promotive health services.
Hence, the correct areas from the Ottawa Charter are B, C, and D only.

Vertical social mobility refers to the movement of an individual or group upward or downward in the social hierarchy, leading to a change in social status or class.

A. Movement in the social class of living at an individual level - Correct. It represents upward or downward movement in the social class.

B. Movement in the occupation of living at an individual level - Correct. Occupational change that leads to a shift in socioeconomic status represents vertical mobility.

C. Migration of a doctor from one district to other - Incorrect. This represents geographical (horizontal) mobility, not vertical, as the occupation and class remain the same.

D. Farmer's son becoming a Collector in the district - Correct. This is a classic example of upward vertical mobility, as it improves social and economic standing.
Hence, the correct statements are A, B and D only.

The Panchayati Raj System in India has a threetier structure, as per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1992):

1. Village Level - Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat, Nyaya Panchayat
2. Block Level - Panchayat Samiti
3. District Level - Zila Parishad

Now analyzing:
A. Gram Sabha - At village level, includes all adult members of the village.
B. Gram Panchayat At village level, the executive body of the Gram Sabha.
C. Panchayat Samiti - At the block/intermediate level, not village level.
D. Nyaya Panchayat - At village level, handles local disputes and minor cases.
Hence, the institutions at village level are А, B. and D.

Let's analyze the provisions of the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues (Amendment) Act, 2011):

A. Commercial dealings in human organs/ tissues punishable with imprisonment up to 7 years and fine up to ₹20,000. Incorrect. The fine was increased - commercial dealings can lead to imprisonment up to 10 years and fine up to20 lakh, not ₹20,000.

B. Any live donor younger than 18 years (minor) cannot donate any organ/tissues. Correct. The Act strictly prohibits minors (<18 years) from organ or tissue donation.

C. No provision for mutual organ swapping. Ii. correct. The 2011 amendment introduced the provision for 'swap transplantation' (paired exchange between unrelated but compatible donors).

D. Grandparents and grandchildren included as near relatives for the purpose of organ/ tissue donation. Correct. The amendment expanded the definition of "near relative" to include grandparents and grandchildren.
Hence, the correct statements are B and D only.

The term HFSS stands for High Fat, Sugar and Salt foods - these are energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods linked with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Let's analyze the options:
A. Hot - Not included.
B. Fat - Included.
C. Starch - Not part of HFSS.
D. Sugar - Included.
Hence, the correct full form includes Fat and Sugar.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 data on global environmental conditions related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH):

A. Population with safely managed drinking water services - 74% (IV): Around threefourths of the world's population had access to safely managed drinking water, meaning water available on premises, when needed, and free from contamination.

B. Population with safely managed sanitation services - 54% (III): Just over half of the global population had access to toilets or latrines connected to safe disposal or treatment of excreta.

C. Population lacking basic handwashing facility with water and soap at home — 29% (D): Nearly 3 in 10 people worldwide did not have basic handwashing facilities with soap and water at home, highlighting a major hygiene gap.

D. Population where household wastewater was discharged without safe treatment - 44% (II): Almost half of the global population lived in areas where wastewater from homes was not treated safely before being released into the environment.
Correct Answer: 4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.

As per the establishment years of key international organizations:

A. International Labour Organization (ILO) - Established in 1919 (III), as part of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I to promote social justice and labor standards.

B. UNICEF — Founded in 1946 (I), to provide emergency aid and health care for children and mothers in countries affected by World War II.

C. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) - Created in 1966 (IV), to promote sustainable development and poverty reduction globally.

D. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - Established in 1945 (II), to raise levels of nutrition and improve agricultural productivity worldwide.
Answer: 3: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Based on standard ophthalmologic definitions and classifications of blindness:

A. Economic blindness: Defined as the inability to count fingers at a distance of 6 meters (IV) - this level of vision impairment affects a person's earning capacity and economic independence.

B. Social blindness: Defined as vision of <3/60 in the better eye after best possible correction (II) - recognized for social welfare and disability certification purposes.

C. Manifest blindness: Defined as vision of 1/60 to just perception of light (III) indicates extremely poor vision but not total blindness.

D. Absolute blindness: Defined as no perception of light (I) - represents complete and irreversible blindness. Answer: 4: A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I.

Based on government health schemes and their respective interventions:

A. Kilkari - IVR-based mobile service that delivers time-sensitive audio messages (III): Kilkari sends stage-based audio messages to pregnant women, mothers, and families regarding pregnancy, childbirth, and child care.

B. Vande Mataram Scheme - Voluntary scheme involving obstetricians, gynecologists, and nursing homes to provide safe motherhood services (IV): It engages private practitioners to strengthen maternal health services.

C. Mother's Absolute Affection (MAA) - Promotion of optimal infant and young child feeding practices (I): This program emphasizes exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and complementary feeding thereafter.

D. LaQshya - Improves quality of care in labour rooms and maternity OTs in public health facilities (II): A national initiative to ensure respectful and safe childbirth experiences for mothers. Answer: 2: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

Based on characteristics and examples of communication types:
A. One-way communication - Didactic method (I): Information flows in one direction only, such as lectures or announcements.

B. Two-way communication - Socratic method (IV): Involves dialogue, feedback, and mutual understanding between sender and receiver.

C. Informal communication - Grapevine (III): Spontaneous and unofficial information sharing among peers.

D. Non-verbal communication - Frown (ID): Uses gestures, facial expressions, and body language to convey messages. Answer: 2: A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II.