UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Work, August-2024

Total Questions: 100

91. Directions (Qs. No. 91-95): Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Women's NGOs such as SEWA and Annapurna Mahila Mandal have existed since the 1970s, and the Indian government had established mahila mandals (women's groups) in most villages during the 1950s and 1960s.

Howevet, it was after the publication in 1987 of the Report of the National Commission on Women Shramshakti, which focused on the disadvantage that women faced, that the focus on women in selfhelp programmes took off.

As a result of these changes in the 1980s both in the approach of NGOs to women's programmes and the donor support for gender and development, most development NGOs in India since the 1990s have a much stronger focus on self-help approaches, and the specific targeting of women as their primary target group.

It is the history and the relationship of NGOs with the Indian state that has shaped Indian development NGOs, and to a large extent influences the approaches they take. This history and experience is unique, not only in South Asia, but arguably in the world.

This discussion goes some way to informing how the modern Indian development NGO of the twentyfirst century addresses the high levels of poverty in the current development context.
Who advocates for women's rights and livelihoods and stands as the only Trade Union of women in the unorganized sector:

Correct Answer: B. Self Employed Women's Association
Solution:

The Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) is a trade union that advocates for women's rights and livelihoods in the unorganized sector. It focuses on empowering women through self-reliance, skill development, and financial inclusion.

92. Which of the following statement best describes women in the unorganized sector?

Correct Answer: B. Undervalued contributions to the economy
Solution:

Women in the unorganized sector often face undervaluation of their contributions despite their significant role in sustaining local economies. Their work is characterized by lack of job security, social protection, and recognition.

93. 'Shram-shakti' report focuses on:

Correct Answer: B. Self employed women in informal sector
Solution:

The Shram-shakti report focuses on the challenges faced by self-employed women in the informal sector. It emphasizes the need for supportive policies, access to credit, and better working conditions to enhance their livelihoods.

94. The flagship programme/scheme of Ministry of Rural Development particularly for women to access financial services and livelihoods is called:

Correct Answer: D. DAY-NRLM
Solution:

The Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) is a flagship program of the Ministry of Rural Development.

It aims to empower rural women by providing access to financial services, skill training, and livelihood opportunities.

95. Which of the following addresses high levels of poverty through innovative approaches?

Correct Answer: B. Grameen Bank
Solution:

Grameen Bank, founded by Muhammad Yunus, addresses poverty through microfinance and innovative lending approaches. It empowers poor women and small entrepreneurs to achieve financial independence and sustainability.

96. Directions (Qs. No. 96-100): Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Universally or selectively? If a welfare state is acting on behalf of the community at large, it can distribute resources on the same basis to every member of that community, or it may operate selectively, providing resources only to those who need or deserve help.

A case can be made on efficiency ground for either approach. If benefits and services are available on the same basis to everybody, this ensures that everybody is guaranteed the necessary minimum level of help to secure their wellbeing;

Because everybody gets the same, no stigma can attach to receiving that help and nobody need be deterred from seeking help; and those people who do not need the help they receive will, if the system is funded by progressive taxation, be able to pay back what they have received, as well as contributing to the help received by other members of the community.

If, on the other hand, benefits and services are made available only to those who need or deserve them, this will ensure that such resources as are available will be put to the most effective use;

optimum rather than minimum levels of help may be afforded to those in the greatest need; those people who do not require help will neither be deterred from helping themselves, nor made resentful by unnecessarily high levels of taxation.

Which of the following country is not the best example of the Institutional Redistributive Model of Welfare?

Correct Answer: B. USA
Solution:

The United States is not an example of the Institutional Redistributive Model of Welfare. Countries like Sweden, Norway, and Finland exemplify this model with universal welfare provisions, while the USA relies more on selective welfare measures.

97. Progressive taxation is understood as:

Correct Answer: C. A tax system in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases
Solution:

Progressive taxation ensures that individuals or entities with higher incomes pay a larger percentage of their earnings as tax. This system aims to reduce income inequality and fund welfare programs.

98. Which of the following is not a characteristic of 'welfare state'?

Correct Answer: A. Support job creation
Solution:

A welfare state focuses on reducing disparities, providing health, education, and job creation programs, and ensuring minimum wages. Promoting disparity contradicts the principles of a welfare state.

99. The author of 'Three worlds of welfare capitalism' is:

Correct Answer: B. Gosta Esping-Anderson
Solution:

Gosta Esping-Anderson authored Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, a seminal work that categorizes welfare states into three types: Liberal, Conservative, and Social Democratic.

100. In Residual Welfare Model, welfare is:

Correct Answer: C. Seen as last resort
Solution:

In the Residual Welfare Model, welfare is provided as a last resort when other means (family, market) fail. It contrasts with universal or institutional welfare models that offer broad-based, proactive support.