UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Work, August-2024

According to Robert Redfield, the term "small community" describes rural, agricultural societies.
These communities are characterized by close-knit social structures, traditional lifestyles, and an emphasis on shared values and cooperation.
Redfield's studies focused on understanding cultural and social dynamics in these small, agrarian setups.

The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach was developed by Robert Chambers. PRA is a methodology used to enable rural communities to analyze their living conditions, identify problems, and develop solutions collaboratively.

It emphasizes participatory decision-making and empowers local communities to take charge of their development.

The Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, aimed at ensuring justice and care for children.
(a) It defined children as individuals below 18 years of age.
(b) It categorized children into "children in need of care and protection" and "children in conflict with the law."
(e) The act emphasized rehabilitation and social reintegration of children, prioritizing their well-being and future.

Mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
Given the data: 10, 27, 24, 12, 27, 27, 20, 18, 15, 30, the frequency of each value is:
27 appears 3 times, while all other values appear only once.
Hence, the mode is 27.

Article 17 of the Indian Constitution provides for the complete abolition of untouchability. It prohibits the practice of untouchability in any form and declares it a punishable offense. This article is part of the Fundamental Rights, emphasizing equality and the elimination of social discrimination.

(a) The mean is the central value of a dataset, and the sum of deviations of all data points from the mean always equals zero.
(b) The mean minimizes the sum of squared deviations, making it the most balanced measure of central tendency for this purpose.
(c) The median minimizes the absolute deviations, ensuring the least aggregate distance from all data points when ignoring signs.

The typical sequence of the research process involves the following steps:
(a) Research begins with theory to provide a conceptual framework.
(c) Hypotheses are formulated based on the theory to be tested empirically.
(e) Operationalization involves defining variables and determining how they will be measured.
(b) Sampling involves selecting a representative group for the study.
(d) Data collection is performed to gather empirical evidence to test the hypothesis.

(c) Start by identifying and planning project activities.
(a) Categorize and estimate expenses for each activity.
(b) Draft a preliminary budget and cash flow projection.
(e) Revise the draft based on feedback and finalize the income and expense figures.
(d) Continuously monitor the budget to ensure effective implementation and financial control.

(c) The social work paradigm began with charity, focusing on individual acts of help.
(d) It evolved to welfare, with a broader focus on social safety nets and organized aid.
(b) Development approaches followed, emphasizing sustainable community upliftment. (e) Empowerment shifted focus to enabling individuals and groups to control their own lives.
(a) The rights-based paradigm advocates for structural changes to ensure universal human rights.

Kimberle Crenshaw first coined the term "intersectionality" in 1989. Intersectionality describes how overlapping social identities (e.g., race, gender, class) create unique experiences of discrimination or privilege.

Crenshaw introduced this concept to analyze the compounded effects of race and gender discrimination, particularly for women of color