UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Work, December-2023

The primary objective of social group work is problem-solving. This practice focuses on enabling groups to address and solve issues affecting their members, leveraging the collective capacity and resources of the group.

Through the process of working together, group members develop skills, knowledge, and attitudes that facilitate mutual aid and collective problem-solving.

This approach not only addresses immediate problems but also strengthens the group's ability to tackle future challenges, fostering resilience and empowerment among its members. Social group work is guided by principles that prioritize collaborative efforts, respect for diversity, and the promotion of social justice.

Arthur Dunham (1958) provided the definition of social action as efforts to effect or prevent changes in social practices or situations through education, propaganda, persuasion, or pressure, aiming for outcomes considered socially desirable by the activists.

This conceptualization highlights the proactive and sometimes confrontational nature of social action, which is aimed at achieving societal change or preserving beneficial aspects of the social order.

Social action encompasses a wide range of activities and strategies, from grassroots advocacy to large-scale campaigns, reflecting the belief in the possibility and necessity of social progress and justice.

The basis of community organization should be the felt needs of the co.nmunity. This approach ensures that the initiatives and programs developed are directly relevant to the community's immediate concerns and priorities, making them more likely to be effective and sustainable.

By focusing on the felt needs, community organization efforts are grounded in the actual experiences and perceptions of community members, fostering a sense of ownership and participation.

This approach helps in mobilizing community resources, enhancing engagement, and ensuring that interventions are tailored to address the specific challenges and aspirations of the community.

The paternalistic approach is not considered a contemporary approach of community organization. Modern community organization emphasizes empowerment, participatory decision-making, and mutual respect between community organizers and community members.

Approaches like the process, task, and action focus on engaging community members as active participants in identifying issues, planning strategies, and implementing solutions.

The paternalistic approach, which implies decision-making by an authority figure without full participation from community members, contradicts these principles by not fostering equal partnership and empowerment.

Jack Rothman has made significant contributions to the field of community organization practice. He is well-known for his work in developing models and strategies for community intervention.

Rothman's frameworks for community practice, including locality development, social planning, and social action, have been influential in guiding social workers and community organizers in their efforts to engage communities, address social issues, and promote social change.

His work emphasizes the importance of adapting strategies to the specific context and needs of communities, encouraging a flexible and responsive approach to community organization.

A contingency question is designed to be asked only if the respondent gives a specific answer to a previous question. In the given example,

"Are you married? If married, for how many number of years?" the second part of the question is contingent upon the respondent answering "yes" to the first part.

This type of question allows for more detailed and relevant data collection by directing follow-up questions only to respondents for whom the follow-up question is applicable. It helps in avoiding confusion and making the questionnaire more streamlined and efficient.

The quota method is not an example of probability sampling. In probability sampling, every member of the population has a known and equal chance of being selected. Examples include simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

The quota method, on the other hand, is a type of non-probability sampling where the researcher selects a sample that reflects certain characteristics of the population.

The selection is not random, and not every member has an equal chance of being included, making it distinct from probability sampling methods where selection is based on chance.

Generating hypothesis is not a key attribute of quantitative research; it's more closely associated with the initial stages of research that can involve both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Quantitative research primarily focuses on testing hypotheses through the collection and analysis of numerical data, employing objectivity, and utilizing deductive logic to understand patterns, relationships, and causality in data.

The main goal is to quantify variables and generalize results from a sample to the population of interest, making hypothesis testing, objectivity, and deductive logic its core attributes.

A positive relationship between two variables means that both variables move in the same direction. This implies that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases, and conversely, as one variable decreases, the other variable decreases as well.

This type of correlation indicates a direct relationship where changes in one variable are associated with changes in the same direction in the other variable.

Understanding the nature of the relationship between variables is crucial in many fields, including social sciences, economics, and natural sciences, as it helps to predict and explain various phenomena.

The major objective of social administration is to achieve economic development and social development. Social administration involves the management and effective implementation of policies and programs that aim to improve social welfare and address societal issues.

By focusing on both economic and social development, social administration seeks to create a more equitable and prosperous society where individuals have access to necessary resources, opportunities, and support systems.

This dual focus ensures a comprehensive approach to development that considers both material and social well-being.