UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Social Work, December-2023

Sustainable development focuses on the following key principles:
(a) Following a path of development that does not impair or damage the cover provided by nature to mankind, ensuring that natural habitats and biodiversity are preserved for future generations.

(b) Using renewable natural resources in such a manner that their rate of regeneration exceeds their rate of use, thereby ensuring their sustainability.

(c) Using non-renewable resources sparingly and responsibly, while continuously working to find substitutes for them to ensure long-term sustainability.

These principles aim to balance the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, encompassing economic, social, and environmental dimensions.

Job evaluation methods include
(a) the job ranking method, where jobs are ranked based on their perceived value to the organization;

(b) the factor comparison method, which evaluates jobs based on key factors such as skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions; and

(d) the point factor method, which assigns point values to the factors used in job evaluation, allowing for a quantitative assessment of a job's relative worth.

These methods are used to establish a systematic and fair basis for determining the relative value of different jobs within an organization, thereby informing compensation strategies.

The modern concepts of social defence are built on ideas like
(a) a concern for the protection of society over and above the expiatory punishment, emphasizing preventive measures and the safety of the community;

(b) a desire to bring about the amelioration of the offender beyond the infliction of retributive penalty, focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration; and

(d) an attempt to promote or safeguard the concept of the human person to whom only humane treatment can be applied, recognizing the dignity and rights of individuals, including offenders.

These principles reflect a shift from punitive approaches to more humane, preventive, and rehabilitative strategies in dealing with crime and offenders.

The vision of the National Institute of Social Defence encompasses

(b) fostering public sensitivity towards old age persons, highlighting the need for awareness and support for the elderly;

(c) fostering public sensitivity towards victims of substance abuse, emphasizing the importance of understanding and assisting individuals affected by substance abuse; and

(d) fostering public sensitivity towards strengthening effective service delivery, which involves improving the quality and effectiveness of services provided to vulnerable populations.

These focus areas demonstrate the institute's commitment to raising awareness and promoting interventions that support marginalized and disadvantaged groups in society.

The disadvantages of group incentives include:

(a) the incentive may not be strong enough to serve its purpose if it is spread too thinly across a group, diluting the motivational effect for individual members; and

(e) an efficient worker may be penalized for the inefficiency of others, as group incentives do not account for individual performance variations within the group.

This can lead to issues of fairness and reduced motivation for high performers, as their efforts are not individually recognized or rewarded.

The correct matches for the Social Work Institutions and their Year of Establishment are as follows:

(a) The Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work, now known as the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), was established in 1936. It was located in the Nagpada neighborhood house and offered professional training in social work.

(b) The Institute for Social Work Training in Amsterdam, Netherlands was established in the year 1899 as the first full-time program of social work education, which lasted two years.

(c) The Summer School of Philanthropic Work is a six-week summer school that started at the New York Charity Organization Society in 1898. The school has led to the development of private and charitable organizations to help people in need.

(d) The New York School of Philanthropy was a year program established in 1904 by the New York Charity Organization Society (COS).

Matching the ethics with their descriptions:
Ethics of Power is about critically using power to achieve social rights and social justice (IIІ).

Ethics of Praxis involves engaging in reflective discourse and a continuous loop of action, reflection, and action throughout social change efforts (IV).

Ethics of Advocacy implies leveraging professional resources as a means to champion the rights of individual cases or a cause (I).

Ethics of Change aims to effect longterm contextual and multi-systematic sustainable and integrating change (II).

Matching the concepts with their definitions:

• Sensate culture is concerned with things which can be perceived directly by the senses. It is practical, hedonistic, sensual, and materialistic (III).

• Ideational culture involves things which can be perceived only by the mind. It is abstract, religious, concerned with faith, and ultimate truth (I).

• Material culture includes tools, utensils, machines, dwellings, science, means of transport, and technology (II).

•  Cultural lag is the imbalance in the rate and speed of change between material and non-material parts of culture (IV).

Matching the formation with the year:
The Sector Report was published in 1968 (II).
State Board of Charity was established in 1863 (I).
Charity Organisation Society (USA) was founded in 1877 (IV).
Community Development Programme in India was initiated in 1952 (III).

Matching the research concepts with their explanations:
Element is the unit selected in a sample about which information is collected (II). Population is the theoretically specified aggregation of the study elements (I).
Random Selection is a sampling method in which each element has an equal chance of selection (III).
Sampling frame is the list or quasi-list of elements from which a sample is selected (IV).