UGC NTA NET/JRF Re-EXAM, June 2024 HISTORY (Shift-I)

The Battle of Kovilakonda between Vijayanagara and the Bahmani kingdom took place during the reign of Krishnadeva Raya, the ruler of Vijayanagara. Krishnadeva Raya was one of the greatest rulers of the Tuluva dynasty, during whose reign Vijayanagara's glory reached its peak. His reign is considered the classical era of Telugu literature. Eight great Telugu scholars resided in his court. He composed the Amuktamalyada, a Telugu epic poem.

The All India States People's Conference was established in December 1927. It was also known as the Praja Mandal. The main objective of the Praja Mandal was to resolve the problems of various states by building mutual consensus among them. Later, Jawaharlal Nehru also chaired the Praja Mandal. The first conference of the Praja Mandal was held in Bombay in December 1927.

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The distinction between ceremonial sovereignty and actual political control in the context of the Chola state is indicative of the segmented state model. Burton Stein was the first to propose the concept of a segmented state in the context of South Indian states. In the early medieval period, the most powerful state in South India was that of the Cholas, who promoted autonomy in local administration.

The status of women in early medieval South India was better than that of women in North India. The Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha regularly appointed courtesans as his envoys. Akka Devi, a princess of the Chalukya dynasty, ruled the Kishukadu province. She was the sister of the Chalukya king Jayasimha II. Ibn Battuta observed 13 schools for girls and 23 for boys in Hanaur (South India). Purdah was prevalent among women in Vijayanagara, but Varthema does not mention it

The Caesars and Pest History presents history as a mere compilation of historical facts. In this method, facts are discovered through various means, hence it is also called fact-finding. This method is mostly used in schools, colleges, or historical research.

After independence, many princely states merged with India, but states like Hyderabad favored the status quo. The ruler of this state was Muslim, while the majority of the population was Hindu. The Indian government wanted the Nizam of Hyderabad to voluntarily join the Indian Republic. However, when negotiations failed, the Indian Army finally annexed Hyderabad to India under Operation Polo on September 13, 1948.

In ancient India, two types of marriages were prevalent: Anuloma and Pratiloma. When a person of a higher caste married a girl of a lower caste, it was called Anuloma marriage, such as a Brahmin marrying a Kshatriya girl. When a person of a lower caste married a girl of a higher caste, it was called Pratiloma marriage, such as a Shudra marrying a Brahmin girl.

Trade and commerce in India was quite developed during the medieval period, as detailed in the writings of foreign travelers. During this period, Bengal obtained opium from Bihar. Gujarat obtained lac (lac) from Bengal for the manufacture of lacquerware. Bengal manufacturers of conch shell jewelry relied on the import of conch shells from Tuticorin.
Silk production in India was abundant in the 17th century, and Gujarat was no longer dependent on China for silk. During the period from 1680 to 1700, the Dutch East India Company exported cotton textiles from Gujarat and the Coromandel belt.