UGC NTA NET/JRF Re-EXAM, June 2024 HISTORY (Shift-II)

In Persian historiography, the histories compiled in Persian by Abu Sa'id Gardezi and Abul Fazl Bayhaqi served as the model for the Indo-Persian histories of the Delhi Sultanate. In India, this tradition was started by Fakhr-i-Mudabbir. Saduddin Muhammad Awfi's Jawami ul Hikayat wa Liwami'ul-Rivayat belongs to the serial history category with an encyclopedic range.

The Allahabad (Prayag) eulogy belongs to the Gupta emperor Samudragupta, authored by Harishena, his treaty-vigrahika and Kumaramatya. The Allahabad eulogy is the most important source for Samudragupta's history. It details his victories. Line 21 of this eulogy mentions the names of nine Aryavarta kings: Rudradeva, Mattila, Nagadatta, Chandravarma, Ganapatinaga, Nagasena, Achyuta, Nandi, Balavarma, etc. However, no mention is found of a ruler named Meghvarna.

The Indus/Harappan Civilization was India's first urban civilization. The Harappan Civilization is also considered India's first Bronze Age civilization. A variety of objects have been recovered from Harappan sites, including beads, seals, terracotta drills, and other notable ones. In the Harappan context, cylindrical stone drills have been recovered from Chanhudaro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Mohenjo-daro. The largest number of seals have been recovered from Mohenjo-daro.

The most important ruler of the Pushpabhuti/Vardhana dynasty was Harshavardhana, who ruled over all of North India except Kashmir from 606-647 AD. The main source of information about Harsha is his inscriptions and coins. Harsha's Banskheda Inscription was discovered in Shahjahanpur in 1894 AD. This inscription bears Harsha's own signature.

The Central Banking Committee 1931 report pointed out that "Indebtedness ultimately leads to the transfer of land from the agricultural class to nonagricultural moneylenders, creating a landless proletariat with low economic status. This results in a decline in agricultural efficiency because moneylenders rent out land to further cultivators at such rates that the cultivators have little incentive to grow good crops."

The film "Bhakt Vidur" (1921) was rereleased under the name "Dharma Vijay" after much censorship and banning. The film was directed by Kanjibhai Rathod and written by G. Mohaniyal Dave. The film depicts the story of the Mahabharata as a series of events between the Pandavas and the Kauravas. It is one of the most famous silent mythological tales.

Hegel was a great German philosopher. He said, "The greatest man of his time is he who can put into words the will of his age, tell his age what it desires, and fulfill it. What he does is the heart and essence of his age. He embodies his age." Hegel is considered an important promoter of German nationalism.

The correct chronological order of events is as follows-

In Germany, historicism developed in the 19th century as a theory that held that history is the key to all knowledge. In fact, the latter half of the 19th century was the period of German unification, and this unification transformed Germany's geography, placing its history at the center.