Vedic Age

Rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda namely Kubha (Kabul), Kramu (Kurram), Gomti (Gomal) and Suvastu (Swat) were flowing through Afganistan which indicates that there were deep relations of Aryans with the country.

Rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda namely Kubha (Kabul), Kramu (Kurram), Gomti (Gomal) and Suvastu (Swat) were flowing through Afganistan which indicates that there were deep relations of Aryans with the country.

Rivers given in the options are correctly matched as follows with their modern names -

The name of Mahanadi during the period of Mahabharat was 'chitrotpala'. In the Bhishma Parv of Mahabharata, the Chitrotpala river is praised as Punayadayini and Paap (sin) Nashini. Indian people drank the water of Chitrotpala. This fact is proved by the following Verse of Mahabharata -

"चित्रोत्पला चित्ररथां मंजुलां वाहिनी तथा। मंदाकिनीं वैतरणीं कोषां चापि महानदीम्।।"

The Mahanadi has been called Chitrotpala Ganga in the Mahoba copper plate of Someshwar Dev.

In Vayu Puran the Mythological name of Mahanadi river is Nilotapala. In Matsya Puran river Mahanadi was stated as Chitrotpala.

According to ancient Hindu scriptures, during Post-Vedic period, the 'Hindu' tradition recognized four stages or ashramas in human life namely Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa and four purusharth namely Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha.

Dharma and Rita in the Vedic period appear as early as the Rig Veda. Usually, Dharma signifies sosmic ordinance often in connection with the sense of natural or divine law. 'Rita' as such is closely related to universal harmony in which all things in the world have a proper place and function. So the term 'Rita' means an impersonal law, while Dharma characterizes those personal actions that engender or maintain the cosmic order.

The concept of  'Rit' i.e., the universal principle of natural order, is of Vedic origin. The 'Rit' has been the basis of Indian culture, legal theory, politics and philosophy. God Varuna was supposed to uphold 'Rit' or the natural order that is why he was also called as 'Ritasyagopa'.

Brihaspati is also known as Deva-guru (teacher or priest of Gods), is the guru of the Devas (Gods).

Many hyns of the Rig Veda were composed by women and they were called Brahmavadini. The prominent amongst them were Lopamudra, Vishwawara, Sikta, Nivavari and Ghosa. Lopamudra was the wife of Agastya Rishi/sage.