Viral Diseases (Diseases and Treatment) Part-II

Total Questions: 43

11. The disease caused by HIV is — [41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (d) AIDS
Solution:AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which destroys the disease resistance power of the human body. People infected with HIV may have the following symptoms :
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck*
  • Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
  • Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
  • Pneumonia
  • Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  • Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

12. Cause of “AIDS” is — [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007, U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (c) Virus
Solution:AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which destroys the disease resistance power of the human body. People infected with HIV may have the following symptoms :
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck*
  • Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
  • Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
  • Pneumonia
  • Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  • Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

13. AIDS is the short form of which of the following diseases? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

Correct Answer: (c) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Solution:AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which destroys the disease resistance power of the human body. People infected with HIV may have the following symptoms :
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck*
  • Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
  • Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
  • Pneumonia
  • Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  • Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

14. AIDS is caused by : [65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (d) virus
Solution:AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which destroys the disease resistance power of the human body. People infected with HIV may have the following symptoms :
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck*
  • Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
  • Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
  • Pneumonia
  • Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  • Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

15. AIDS is caused by : [64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]

Correct Answer: (c) virus
Solution:AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which destroys the disease resistance power of the human body. People infected with HIV may have the following symptoms :
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck*
  • Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
  • Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
  • Pneumonia
  • Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  • Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

16. In AIDS virus, there is — [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]

Correct Answer: (c) RNA + Protein
Solution:HIV belongs to a class of viruses known as retroviruses, Retroviruses are viruses that contain RNA (ribonucleic acid) as their genetic material. The HIV virus has a central core containing two identical RNA genomes and enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase.

17. Consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]

  1. Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
  2. Common cold is sometime caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only
Solution:

Adenoviruses are medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome.

In humans, more than 50 distinct adenoviral serotypes have been found to cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections in young children (known as the common cold) to life-threatening multi-organ disease in people with a weakened immune system.

Retrovirus is a type of virus that has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material. It uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cells’ DNA.

This allows many copies of the virus to be made in the host cells. The virus that causes AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a type of retrovirus.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect while statement 2 is correct.

18. The virus responsible for AIDS is an example of : [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (d) Retrovirus
Solution:

Adenoviruses are medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome.

In humans, more than 50 distinct adenoviral serotypes have been found to cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections in young children (known as the common cold) to life-threatening multi-organ disease in people with a weakened immune system.

Retrovirus is a type of virus that has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material. It uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to become part of the host cells’ DNA.

This allows many copies of the virus to be made in the host cells. The virus that causes AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a type of retrovirus.

19. Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another through tattooing? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]

  1. Chikungunya
  2. Hepatitis B
  3. HIV-AIDS

Select the correct answer using the codes given below :

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3
Solution:As tattooing requires breaking the skin barrier, tattooing reactions, Infections that can theoretically be transmitted by the use of unsterilized tattoo equipment or contaminated by include surface infections of the skin, hepatitis B, hepatitis C. tuberculosis and HIV. Chikungunya is a viral infection caused by the chikungunya virus which is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito.

20. Which of the following strains of H.I.V. is dominant in India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl.) (Mains) 2004]

Correct Answer: (c) HIV 1C
Solution:The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the cause of one of the most destructive human pandemics in recorded history. Since it was first recognised in 1981, it has killed more than 25 million people. The three main routes of HIV transmission are
  1. Contaminated blood (for example between injecting drug users)
  2. Sex : vaginal, anal (and very rarely, oral)
  3. From mother to child (either in pregnancy during birth or via breast milk).
    Molecular epidemiological analysis has identified the predominance of HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) in India.