Viral Diseases (Diseases and Treatment) Part-II

Zedovudine (Azidothymidine) is an anti-retroviral medicine which is used in HIV/AIDS. It belongs to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class of drugs and works by interfering with the HIV virus's ability to replicate within the body.

AZT's (Azidothymidine) active form, AZT triphosphate, inhibits the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the virus to replicate. AZT is used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to treat HIV infection. It is also used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and delivery.

Potential side effects of AZT include anemia, neutropenia, and myopathy (muscle weakness). AZT was one of the first antiretroviral drugs to be approved for treating HIV/AIDS.

While AZT is effective in reducing viral load and slowing the progression of HIV, it does not cure the infection. It is often used as part of a combination therapy to suppress viral replication and maintain a healthy immune system.

ELISA is an acronym for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test that detects and measures antibodies in our blood. The ELISA was the first screening test widely used for HIV/ AIDS because of its high sensitivity.

The test utilizes an enzyme that's attached to an antibody. This part refers to the specific binding of antibodies to antigens (the substance the antibody is designed to bind to).

The enzyme's activity is measured to determine the presence and amount of the target substance in the sample. ELISA tests are commonly used to detect and measure antibodies in blood, as well as in other bodily fluids.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV).

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses, and is spread by mosquitoes. JEV is the main cause of viral encephalitis in many countries of Asia with an estimated 68,000 clinical cases every year.

While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection.

While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection.

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory infection which is caused by a virus. It can not be cured by antibiotics whereas leprosy, tetanus and cholera are bacterial diseases and can be cured by antibiotics.

Measles is a highly contagious and serious airborne disease.It is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family, and is normally passed through direct contact and the air. The virus infects the respiratory tract, then spreads throughout the body, causing severe disease, complications, and even death.

The first sign of measles is usually high fever, beginning about 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus and lasting four to seven days. A runny nose, cough, red and watery eyes, and small white spots inside the cheeks can develop in the initial stage.

A rash erupts after several days, usually on the face and upper neck. The rash spreads over about three days, eventually reaching the hands and feet, and lasts five to six days before fading. No specific antiviral treatment exists for measles.

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory infection which is caused by a virus. It can not be cured by antibiotics whereas leprosy, tetanus and cholera are bacterial diseases and can be cured by antibiotics.

Measles is a highly contagious and serious airborne disease.It is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family, and is normally passed through direct contact and the air. The virus infects the respiratory tract, then spreads throughout the body, causing severe disease, complications, and even death.

The first sign of measles is usually high fever, beginning about 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus and lasting four to seven days. A runny nose, cough, red and watery eyes, and small white spots inside the cheeks can develop in the initial stage.

A rash erupts after several days, usually on the face and upper neck. The rash spreads over about three days, eventually reaching the hands and feet, and lasts five to six days before fading. No specific antiviral treatment exists for measles.

• AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, making the body vulnerable to various infections and diseases.
• Chickenpox: Also known as varicella, chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is a highly contagious disease that causes a characteristic rash with itchy, fluid-filled blisters.
• Mumps: Mumps is caused by the mumps virus and is characterized by swelling of the salivary glands, often in the jaw area.
• Herpes Simplex: Herpes simplex is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two main types of HSV: HSV-1, which typically causes oral herpes (cold sores), and HSV-2, which usually causes genital herpes.

Ranikhket disease is related to chicken. It is a highly infectious disease. It is caused by a virus.

Ranikhet disease is caused by an Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1). Symptoms include respiratory distress, neurological signs, and digestive problems.

The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated materials. Ranikhet disease can cause significant economic losses in poultry farming due to high mortality rates and reduced egg production.

While not highly zoonotic, Ranikhet disease can cause conjunctivitis in humans who handle infected birds.