Vitamins And Nutrition (Human Anatomy and Physiology) Part-I

Total Questions: 50

11. Which of the following facts is NOT correct about vitamins? [U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (d) Vitamin 'K' is a water-soluble vitamin.
Solution:Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the body requires in small amounts for essential physiological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy but act as catalysts in various biochemical processes.
  • They are classified into two main categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which are stored in the body's fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C), which must be consumed regularly as they are not stored.
  • Each vitamin has specific roles, such as supporting vision, immunity, and energy metabolism. Since the body cannot produce most vitamins, they must be obtained from food sources or supplements, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to prevent deficiencies.

12. Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble? [R.A.S./ R.T.S. (Pre) 2021]

Correct Answer: (c) A and D
Solution:Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the body requires in small amounts for essential physiological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy but act as catalysts in various biochemical processes.
  • They are classified into two main categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which are stored in the body's fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C), which must be consumed regularly as they are not stored.
  • Each vitamin has specific roles, such as supporting vision, immunity, and energy metabolism. Since the body cannot produce most vitamins, they must be obtained from food sources or supplements, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to prevent deficiencies.

13. Which vitamin is soluble in water? [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2021]

Correct Answer: (e) Vitamin 'A' & Vitamin 'B'
Solution:Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the body requires in small amounts for essential physiological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy but act as catalysts in various biochemical processes.
  • They are classified into two main categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which are stored in the body's fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C), which must be consumed regularly as they are not stored.
  • Each vitamin has specific roles, such as supporting vision, immunity, and energy metabolism. Since the body cannot produce most vitamins, they must be obtained from food sources or supplements, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to prevent deficiencies.

14. Water soluble vitamin is— [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (b) Vitamin B
Solution:Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the body requires in small amounts for essential physiological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy but act as catalysts in various biochemical processes.
  • They are classified into two main categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which are stored in the body's fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C), which must be consumed regularly as they are not stored.
  • Each vitamin has specific roles, such as supporting vision, immunity, and energy metabolism. Since the body cannot produce most vitamins, they must be obtained from food sources or supplements, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to prevent deficiencies.

15. Some vitamins are fat soluble while others are water soluble. Which of the following are water soluble: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]

Correct Answer: (d) Vitamin B and C
Solution:Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the body requires in small amounts for essential physiological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy but act as catalysts in various biochemical processes.
  • They are classified into two main categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which are stored in the body's fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C), which must be consumed regularly as they are not stored.
  • Each vitamin has specific roles, such as supporting vision, immunity, and energy metabolism. Since the body cannot produce most vitamins, they must be obtained from food sources or supplements, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to prevent deficiencies.

16. Which vitamin is water-soluble? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (b) Vitamin B
Solution:Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
  • Vitamins are organic compounds that the body requires in small amounts for essential physiological functions, such as growth, metabolism, and overall health. Unlike macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy but act as catalysts in various biochemical processes.
  • They are classified into two main categories: fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), which are stored in the body's fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C), which must be consumed regularly as they are not stored.
  • Each vitamin has specific roles, such as supporting vision, immunity, and energy metabolism. Since the body cannot produce most vitamins, they must be obtained from food sources or supplements, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet to prevent deficiencies.

17. Living organisms require at least 27 elements, of which, 15 are metals. Among these, those required in major quantities, include : [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

Correct Answer: (c) Potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium
Solution:Ample amount of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulphur and chlorine etc. are required for living organisms. They are known as macronutrients whereas micronutrients are needed in a small amount for the organism.

18. Apples have special value for heart patients, because they are rich source of – [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (d) Potassium only
Solution:Potassium is an electrolyte mineral. It plays an important role in maintaining a healthy heart rhythm through muscle action. Apple trees absorb potassium in greater amount than any other nutrient, so apples are a rich source of potassium. Apples are also rich sources of phytochemicals that can act as antioxidants.

19. Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (c) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism.
Solution:

An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals.

In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions.

They do this by being oxidized themselves so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as asthiols, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or polyphenols. Fresh fruits and vegetables are a good source of antioxidants.

20. What is the role of anti-oxidants in human system? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012]

Correct Answer: (c) They protect cells against the effects of free-radicals.
Solution:An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals.

In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions.

They do this by being oxidized themselves so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as asthiols, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or polyphenols. Fresh fruits and vegetables are a good source of antioxidants.