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Water Conservation

📆 October 17, 2024

Total Questions: 50

11. The arsenic contamination of drinking water is highest in- [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

Correct Answer: (c) Kolkata
Solution:The arsenic contamination of drinking water is highest in Kolkata, West Bengal. Arsenic is a naturally occurring substance that can be found in air, water, and soil. It can also be released into the environment by certain agricultural and industrial processes, such as mining and metal smelting. It is a chemical element in the nitrogen group (Group 15 of the periodic table), existing in both gray and yellow crystalline forms.
Arsenic comes in two forms (organic and inorganic). It is highly toxic in its inorganic form. People in the general population may be exposed to arsenic through drinking contaminated water, using contaminated water in food preparation and irrigation of food crops, industrial processes, eating contaminated food, and smoking tobacco.

12. What is the role of Ultra-violet (UV) radiation in the water purification systems? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2012]

1. It inactivates, kills the harmful microorganisms in water.

2. It removes all the undesirable odours from the water.

3. It quickens the sedimentation of solid particles, removes turbidity and improves the clarity of water.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (a) Only 1
Solution:Ultra-violet water purification is the most effective method for disinfecting bacteria from the water. Ultra-violet rays penetrate harmful pathogens in water and destroy illness causing micro- organisms. This is extremely efficient in eliminating their ability to reproduce. UV systems destroy 99.99% of harmful micro-organism without adding chemicals or changing water's taste or odour. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

13. Which of the following is/are used as a disinfectant of water? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) All of the above
Solution:Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water. Water filtration can be done in many ways like- through temperature, ultraviolet rays and radioactive ions, oxidation of chemicals using a compound of ozone, Iodine and Chlorine. Cloramine (NH₂Cl) and Chlorine dioxide (CIO₂) are also used for water purification.

14. Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of heavy sand mining in riverbeds? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

1. Decreased salinity in the river

2. Pollution of groundwater

3. Lowering of the water-table

Select the correct answer using codes given below :

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Solution:The removal of sand from the riverbed increases the velocity of the flowing water with the distorted flow- regime eventually eroding the river banks. Sands acts like a sponge which helps in recharging the water table. Its progressive depletion in the river is accompanied by declining water tables in the nearby areas. The sand acts as an efficient filter for various pollutants and thus maintains the quality of water in rivers and another aquatic ecosystem.

15. Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2013]

1. Hard and waxy leaves

2. Tiny leaves or no leaves

3. Thorns instead of leaves

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Correct Answer: (d) All of these
Solution:Due to the scarcity of water in the desert, in some plants, leaves are modified to reduce water loss. Hard and waxy leaves help to minimise water loss through diffusion. Water loss is also prevented in the form of gummy substance in leaves minimising the surface area to volume ratio. Thorns have a high surface area but they help in water conservation. They also help in condensing moisture from the air which then drips to the ground and is absorbed by the roots.

16. The wetlands falling within urban areas which are being dealt with under the National Lake Conservation Plan with the aim of Pollution control are- [U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2002]

LakeLocation
1. BhojMadhya Pradesh
2. SukhanaChandigarh
3. ChilkaOdisha
4. PicholaRajasthan

Select the correct answer using codes given below:

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 4
Solution:National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) is a centrally sponsored scheme exclusively aimed at restoring the water quality and ecology of the lakes in an urban and semi-urban area of the country. The objective of the scheme is to restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes of the country degraded due to wastewater discharge into the lakes and other reasons, through an integrated ecosystem approach. The Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh, Bhoj in Madhya Pradesh and Pichola Lake in Udaipur, Rajasthan have been declared a Wetland covered under National Lake Conservation Plan. Chilika lake in Odisha is not covered under NLCP list.

17. Which one of the following lakes have been recently included under National Lake Conservation Project? [U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) Bhimtal
Solution:National Lake Conservation Plan was launched in June, 2001 as a centrally sponsored scheme. This plan included 58 lakes of 14 states by December, 2009. The list included Bhimtal and Ooty. Since Ooty was a part of the project from the begininng, it is Bhimtal which was included recently. Lakes are defined by the National Lake Conservation Program (NLCP) as standing water bodies with a minimum water depth of 3 m, a water spread of more than ten hectares, and no or very little aquatic vegetation. Lakes are a diverse group of inland freshwater ecosystems found all over the world. They provide vital supplies and habitats for both terrestrial and aquatic creatures. Lakes are significant for a variety of purposes, including regulating river flow, storing water during dry seasons, preserving the ecosystem, and producing hydroelectric power.

18. Which one of the following Watershed Development Projects sponsored by the Central Government of India which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve the water? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (b) Hariyali
Solution:Launching a new initiative named 'Hariyali' the Prime Minister said under watershed management, villagers can take up many small works to conserve water for drinking. irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. This would not only add "Hariyali" to the rural landscape but also create new employment opportunities for the rural poor.

The main objectives of the Hariyali program are:

Harvesting every drop of rainwater for purposes of irrigation, plantations to create sustainable sources of income for the village community as well as for drinking water supplies.

Overall development of rural areas by creating regular sources of income for the Panchayat from rainwater harvesting and management.

Employment generation and poverty alleviation in rural areas.

All the district level, ZP/DRDA shall be the nodal authority for the implementation of all the area development programs under the supervision and guidance of the State Government and the Government of India.

A meeting of the Gram Sabha/ Ward Sabha shall be convened for the preparation of the Action
Plan/Watershed Treatment Plan

19. In which of the following years was constituted the 'Central Ganga Authority' by Government of India? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

Correct Answer: (c) 1985
Solution:The 'Central Ganga Authority' was constituted in February, 1985 under the aegis of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. In September, 1995 its name was changed to "National River Conservation Authority."

The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase - 1 which was taken up as 100% centrally funded scheme and aimed at preventing the pollution of river Ganga and to improve its water quality. The plan was started in June 1985. The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country under two separate schemes of GAP Phase - 11 and the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). Yamuna and Gomati Action Plans were approved in April 1993 under Ganga Action Plan Phase - 1. Programs of other major rivers were subsequently approved in 1995 under NRCP. After launching of NRCP in 1995, it was decided to merge GAP II with NRCP.

Under GAP Phase-I pollution abatement works were taken up in 21 class-l towns in UP, Bihar and West Bengal. This Phase has been declared complete on 31st March 2000 at a cost of Rs 451.70 cr.

20. When was the 'Central Ganga Authority' established in India? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (d) 1985
Solution:The 'Central Ganga Authority' was constituted in February, 1985 under the aegis of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. In September, 1995 its name was changed to "National River Conservation Authority."

The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase - 1 which was taken up as 100% centrally funded scheme and aimed at preventing the pollution of river Ganga and to improve its water quality. The plan was started in June 1985. The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country under two separate schemes of GAP Phase - 11 and the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP). Yamuna and Gomati Action Plans were approved in April 1993 under Ganga Action Plan Phase - 1. Programs of other major rivers were subsequently approved in 1995 under NRCP. After launching of NRCP in 1995, it was decided to merge GAP II with NRCP.
Under GAP Phase-I pollution abatement works were taken up in 21 class-l towns in UP, Bihar and West Bengal. This Phase has been declared complete on 31st March 2000 at a cost of Rs 451.70 cr.

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