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Water Conservation

📆 October 17, 2024

Total Questions: 50

21. In the Union Budget, 2014 the Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission has been called as: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (d) Namami Gange
Solution:Then Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in Union budget 2014-2015 announced Namami Gange Programme- an integrated conservation mission, as Flagship Programme with budget outlay of 20,000 crores. The objective of this programme was an effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga. Main pillars of the Namami Gange Programme are

-Sewage Treatment Infrastructure

- River Front Development

- River Surface Cleaning Biodiversity

-Afforestation

- Public Awareness

-Industrial Effluent Monitoring

- Ganga Gram

22. National Ganga River Basin Authority has been constituted in- [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (b) February, 2009
Solution:The Government of India has given Ganga the status of National River and has constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009 under section 3(3) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
  • The NGRBA is a central and state planning, financing, monitoring, and coordinating body.
  • The NGRBA's goal is to ensure effective pollution abatement and conservation of the Ganga by using a river basin approach to comprehensive planning and management.
  • The Authority is responsible for both regulatory and developmental functions. In accordance with the need for sustainable development, the Authority will take
    measures to effectively reduce pollution and conserve the Ganga.
  • The Authority is led by the Prime Minister. Other members are the chief ministers of the states through which the Ganges River runs and cabinet ministers whose direct responsibilities include the Ganges.
  • The Chief Ministers who make up the group are from the states through which the Ganges flows, including West Bengal, Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, and Jharkhand.

23. Jharkhand State Ganga River Conservation Authority Constituted in- [J.P.S.C. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (c) 2009
Solution:Jharkhand State Ganga River conservation Authority was formed in the year 2009. The Chief Minister of the State in the ex-officio Chairman of this authority.

Objectives:

  • Maintain minimum ecological flows: Ensuring that enough water remains in the river to support its ecosystem.
  • Ensure water quality: Monitoring and improving the quality of the Ganga River water.
  • Promote riverfront development: Developing the riverbanks in a way that is sustainable and environmentally friendly.
    Key Areas of Focus:
  • Wastewater management: Implementing and managing treatment of sewage and industrial wastewater.
  • Solid waste management: Addressing the problem of solid waste disposal along the riverbanks.
  • Industrial pollution: Controlling pollution from industrial sources.
  • Riverfront development: Planning and implementing riverfront projects that are environmentally sound.

24. Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]

1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers.

2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers.

3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally.

4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
Solution:The population of the Ganga river Dolphin has declined due to the construction of dams and water pollution caused by pesticides, fertilizers and industrial effluents. The threatened ecosystem is posing a danger to the existence of freshwater dolphins. The Ganga river dolphins inhabits Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India and Bangladesh. As per the reports, these Dolphins often get trapped in fishing nets accidentally which puts them in danger. Industrial actions and intensive agriculture along the coast of the river have introduced new threats to the dolphins. Use of pesticides and fertilisers have impacted the freshwater biodiversity. This dolphins is among the four 'obligate' freshwater dolphins in the world.

25. The Yamuna Action Plan was formally launched in_______. [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

Correct Answer: (c) 1993
Solution:Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) to clean the dirtiest river in the country was formally launched in 1993. It is a bilateral project between the Government of India and Japan. The YAP has so far completed two phases as YAP-1 and YAP-II. The YAP-I covered Delhi, eight towns in Uttar Pradesh and six towns in Haryana. Under YAP II, the emphasis was on the 22 km stretch of the Yamuna in Delhi. Notably, YAP III was launched on 7 May, 2016 under Namami Gange Programme.

26. Which of the following are the key features of 'National Ganga River Basin Authority' (NGRBA)? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

1. River basin is the unit of planning and management.

2. It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level.

3. One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on a rotational basis.

Select the correct answer using codes given below:

Correct Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Solution:The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body. The objective of NGRBA (2009) is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. Hence statement 1 is correct. The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country under two separate schemes. Hence statement 2 is correct. The Apex body of NGRBA is headed by the Prime Minister for Policy decisions.

27. In the year 2009, India set-up the following to clean the Ganga: [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (c) National Ganga River Basin Authority
Solution:The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body. The objective of NGRBA (2009) is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. Hence statement 1 is correct. The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country under two separate schemes. Hence statement 2 is correct. The Apex body of NGRBA is headed by the Prime Minister for Policy decisions.

28. With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following statements : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

1. High content of organic matter in soil drastically reduces its water holding capacity.

2. Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle.

3. Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands.

Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

Correct Answer: (b) 3 only
Solution:Soil water holding capacity is the amount of water that a given soil can hold for crop use. Soil texture and organic matter are the key components that determines soil water holding capacity. Organic matter influences the physical conditions of soil in several ways. Plant residues that cover the soil surface, prevent the soil from sealing and crusting by raindrop impact, thereby enhancing rainwater infiltration and reducing runoff organic matter improves the water holding capacity of the soil.

Sulphur is one of the three nutrients that are cycled between the soil, living matter and the atmosphere.

Salinization is a major problem associated with irrigation because deposits of salts build up in the soil and can reach levels that are harmful to crops.

29. In which year Central Water Commission established "Irrigation Research and Management Organization"? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (a) 1984
Solution:In 1984, the Central Water Commission established "Irrigation Research and Management Organization". The answer to this question in the answer sheet issued by Chhattisgarh Public Service Commission was option (a) while the option (e) was considered as the correct answer in the revised answer sheet whereas option (a) is the correct answer.

Central Water Commission is a premier technical organization of India in the field of water resources. It is presently functioning as an attached office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India. Headquarters: New Delhi

The Commission is entrusted with the general responsibilities of initiating, coordinating, and furthering, in consultation with the State Governments concerned, schemes for control, conservation, and utilization of water resourcesthroughout the country for purposes of Flood Control, Irrigation, Navigation, Drinking Water Supply, and Water Power Development. It also undertakes the investigations, construction, and execution of any such schemes as required.

30. Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely/ dried up in the recent past due to human activities? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

1. Aral Sea

2. Black Sea

3. Lake Baikal

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (a) 1 only
Solution:The Aral Sea is a saline lake located in Central Asia that was once the world's 4th largest salt lake. The Aral sea which was once 26,300 miles square in size had decreased in size by 2007 to only 10% of its original area. The Aral Sea, located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, was a large saltwater lake, one of the world's largest inland bodies of water. The lake began to shrink in the 1960s as Soviet irrigation projects diverted water from the rivers that fed it. This water diversion led to a dramatic reduction in the Aral Sea's size and a significant increase in salinity. The shrinking also.
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