Water Conservation

Then Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley in Union budget 2014-2015 announced Namami Gange Programme- an integrated conservation mission, as Flagship Programme with budget outlay of 20,000 crores. The objective of this programme was an effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga. Main pillars of the Namami Gange Programme are

-Sewage Treatment Infrastructure

- River Front Development

- River Surface Cleaning Biodiversity

-Afforestation

- Public Awareness

-Industrial Effluent Monitoring

- Ganga Gram

The Government of India has given Ganga the status of National River and has constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009 under section 3(3) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.

Jharkhand State Ganga River conservation Authority was formed in the year 2009. The Chief Minister of the State in the ex-officio Chairman of this authority.

The population of the Ganga river Dolphin has declined due to the construction of dams and water pollution caused by pesticides, fertilizers and industrial effluents. The threatened ecosystem is posing a danger to the existence of freshwater dolphins. The Ganga river dolphins inhabits Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India and Bangladesh. As per the reports, these Dolphins often get trapped in fishing nets accidentally which puts them in danger. Industrial actions and intensive agriculture along the coast of the river have introduced new threats to the dolphins. Use of pesticides and fertilisers have impacted the freshwater biodiversity. This dolphins is among the four 'obligate' freshwater dolphins in the world.

Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) to clean the dirtiest river in the country was formally launched in 1993. It is a bilateral project between the Government of India and Japan. The YAP has so far completed two phases as YAP-1 and YAP-II. The YAP-I covered Delhi, eight towns in Uttar Pradesh and six towns in Haryana. Under YAP II, the emphasis was on the 22 km stretch of the Yamuna in Delhi. Notably, YAP III was launched on 7 May, 2016 under Namami Gange Programme.

The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body. The objective of NGRBA (2009) is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. Hence statement 1 is correct. The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country under two separate schemes. Hence statement 2 is correct. The Apex body of NGRBA is headed by the Prime Minister for Policy decisions.

The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body. The objective of NGRBA (2009) is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. Hence statement 1 is correct. The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country under two separate schemes. Hence statement 2 is correct. The Apex body of NGRBA is headed by the Prime Minister for Policy decisions.

Soil water holding capacity is the amount of water that a given soil can hold for crop use. Soil texture and organic matter are the key components that determines soil water holding capacity. Organic matter influences the physical conditions of soil in several ways. Plant residues that cover the soil surface, prevent the soil from sealing and crusting by raindrop impact, thereby enhancing rainwater infiltration and reducing runoff organic matter improves the water holding capacity of the soil.

Sulphur is one of the three nutrients that are cycled between the soil, living matter and the atmosphere.

Salinization is a major problem associated with irrigation because deposits of salts build up in the soil and can reach levels that are harmful to crops.

In 1984, the Central Water Commission established "Irrigation Research and Management Organization". The answer to this question in the answer sheet issued by Chhattisgarh Public Service Commission was option (a) while the option (e) was considered as the correct answer in the revised answer sheet whereas option (a) is the correct answer.

The Aral Sea is a saline lake located in Central Asia that was once the world's 4th largest salt lake. The Aral sea which was once 26,300 miles square in size had decreased in size by 2007 to only 10% of its original area.