Heat and Thermodynamics part-(1)

In an ecosystem, flow of energy declines as it passes from lower to higher trophic level. This is explained by the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that as energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is wasted. That means, every activity and energy transformation is accompanied by dissipation of energy. The energy decreases from one trophic level to the next trophic level because energy is lost as metabolic heat during transfer of energy. When food energy passes from producers to herbivores to carnivores, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another trophic level.

The temperature point at which solid, liquid and gaseous states may stay together is known as triple point. In thermodynamics, a substance's triple point is the unique combination of temperature and pressure at which the solid phase, liquid phase, and gaseous phase can all coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.By international agreement, the triple point of water has been assigned a value of 273.16 K (0.01°C, 32.018 °F) at partial vapour pressure of 611.657 pascals (6.11657 m bar; 0.0060366 atm). The triple point of water was earlier used to define the Kelvin, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature in the SI system.

Convection is a mode of heat transfer by actual motion of matter it is possible only in fluids and gases. convection can be natural and forced.

Thermos flask have a vacuum gap between the inner chamber and the outer wall so there is no loss or gain of heat by conduction convection and radiation thus a liquid remains hot or cold for a long time in thermos flask.

Steam at 100°C causes more severe burns than the water at the same temperature because steam provides more heat. The boiling point of water is 100 degree celsius. At this temperature, the water will begin to change from the liquid state to the gaseous state. For this change to take place, additional energy is required. In fact, every gram of liquid water requires 540 calories of heat energy to convert it to steam. This is called the latent heat of vaporization or latent heat of steam.so while they both would exist at the same temperature the steam would have a lot more heat energy due to the addition of 540 calories per gram of heat energy that has been absorbed .This is why steam burns are worse than that water burns.

Steam at 100°C causes more severe burns than the water at the same temperature because steam provides more heat. The boiling point of water is 100 degree celsius. At this temperature, the water will begin to change from the liquid state to the gaseous state. For this change to take place, additional energy is required. In fact, every gram of liquid water requires 540 calories of heat energy to convert it to steam. This is called the latent heat of vaporization or latent heat of steam.so while they both would exist at the same temperature the steam would have a lot more heat energy due to the addition of 540 calories per gram of heat energy that has been absorbed .This is why steam burns are worse than that water burns.

Latent heat of Melting = 80 calorie/gram The heat required for ice at 0°C to convert in water = 80 calorie Required heat to enhance the temperature of water from 0°C to 100 °C =100 calorie
Latent heat of vaporization =540 calorie/gram
Hence the energy required to convert water into vapour at 100°C = 540 calorie.
Total heat required = 80+100+540 = 720 calorie.

-40°C is the temperature at which the reading are same in both degree centigrade and in fahrenhiet scale relation between degree centigrade and degree fahrenheit is

C/5=(F-32)/9
Placing F=-40 to verify
C=(-40-32)*5/9=-72*5/9=-40

-40°C is the temperature at which the reading are same in both degree centigrade and in fahrenhiet scale relation between degree centigrade and degree fahrenheit is

C/5=(F-32)/9
Placing F=-40 to verify
C=(-40-32)*5/9=-72*5/9=-40

-40°C is the temperature at which the reading are same in both degree centigrade and in fahrenhiet scale relation between degree centigrade and degree fahrenheit is

C/5=(F-32)/9
Placing F=-40 to verify
C=(-40-32)*5/9=-72*5/9=-40