Nuclear physics -(1)

Nuclear physics-(1)

Total Questions: 38

1. Which fuel is used by Nuclear reactor in India? [Uttarakhand Lower Sub.(PRE) 2010]

(a) U-270
(b) U-500
(c) Gasohol
(d) U-238

Correct Answer: (d) U-238

Solution:Basically, in india, we use natural uranium as a nuclear fuel. Natural uranium as a nuclear fuel. Natural uranium refers to uranium with the same isotopic ratio as found in nature. It contains around 0.7% uranium-235,about 99.284% uranium-238 and trace amount of uranium-234(about0.005%) . Thus, in India we used low-enriched (natural uranium i.e U-238.

2. Shivanasamudra and Kalpakkam are respectively important for : [U.P.P.C.S.(pre)2023]

(a) Hydel Power and Nuclear energy.
(b) Thermal power and nuclear energy.
(c) Nuclear energy and Hydel power.
(d) Solar power and Nuclear energy.

Correct Answer: (a) Hydel Power and Nuclear energy.

Solution:

• Shivanasamudra: Is the location of one of the first hydroelectric power stations in Asia, established in 1902. It harnesses the power of the Kaveri River.
• Kalpakkam: Is home to the Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), a significant nuclear power generation, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility. It also houses India's first indigenously constructed nuclear power station and a fast breeder reactor.

3. Kalpakkam is famous- [U.P.Lower Sub. (PRE)2002 U.P.U.D.A/L.D.A.(PRE) 2001]

(a) Due to nuclear power plant.
(b) Due to defence laboratory.
(c) Due to rocket launching center.
(d) Due to space center.

Correct Answer: (a) Due to nuclear power plant.

Solution:Kalpakkam (Chennai,Tamil Nadu) is known for its nuclear plants and affiliated research installations. These include the Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), and the Indira Gandhi Center for atomic research (IGCAR-established in 1971),an affiliate of the Department of atomic energy (DAE) and the Bhabha atomic research centre (BARC).

Madras atomic power station (MAPS) is a comprehensive nuclear power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility that includes plutonium fuel fabrication for fast breeder reactors (FBRs). It is also India's first fully indigenously constructed nuclear power station, with two units each generating 220MW of electricity (operated by NPCIL).

Kalpakkam is also home to India's first large scale fast breeder recreator of 500MWe ( under construction) called the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor operated by BHAVINI and will also be the site of first two FBR-600 commercial fast breeder reactors.

A beachhead at Kalpakkam also hosts India's first indigenous pressurised (light) water reactor (PER). The 80MW reactor was developed by Bhabha atomic research center (BARC) as the land-based prototype of the nuclear power unit for India's nuclear submarines.

4. The Indira Gandhi Atomic Research center is located in: [U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2004]

(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Uttar pradesh
(d) Karnataka

Correct Answer: (b) Tamil Nadu

Madras atomic power station (MAPS) is a comprehensive nuclear power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility that includes plutonium fuel fabrication for fast breeder reactors (FBRs). It is also India's first fully indigenously constructed nuclear power station, with two units each generating 220MW of electricity (operated by NPCIL).

5. The fuel used in Fast Breeder Test Reactor(FBTR) at Kalpakkam is : [Uttarakhand .P.C.S. (PRE) 2006]

(a) Enriched Uranium
(b) Thorium
(c) Plutonium
(d) Tungsten

Correct Answer: (c) Plutonium

Solution:This reactor' is based on the French reactor Rhapsody, with several modifications. It uses plutonium- uranium carbide developed indigenously as the driver fuel and went critical on 18 October, 1985.

6. Which one of the following coolants is used in the 'Fast Breeder Test Reactor' at Kalpakkam? [U.P.P.C.S.(pre) 1997 U.P.Lower(Spl.) (pre) 2008 U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2010]

(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Heavy water
(c) Sea water
(d) Liquid sodium

Correct Answer: (d) Liquid sodium

Solution:Fast Breeder Test Reactor ( FBTR) at Kalpakkam is being operator on experimental basis since 1985. It uses uranium and plutonium mixed carbide fuel. FBTR uses liquid sodium as coolant, which is reactive with air or water.

Liquid sodium is preferred in fast breeder reactors due to its excellent heat transfer properties and the fact that it does not significantly slow down the fast neutrons required for the breeding process and carry it to an electrical generator. Coolant also serve to maintain manageable pressures within the core.

7. Heavy water is manufactured in India at- [U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2015]

(a) Trombay
(b) Assam
(c) Delhi
(d) Bhilai

Correct Answer: (a) Trombay

Solution:The heavy water Board (HWB) AT Trombay,Mumbai oversees the production of heavy water which is used in nuclear reactor. It has 7 heavy water plants at Tuticorin, Kota, Baroda, Thai, Talcher, Manuguru and Hazira.

8. Which one of the following atomic plants of India is located in the IV Seismic Zone? [U.P.P.C.S. (PRE) 2010]

(a) Kaiga
(b) Kalpakkam
(c) Narora
(d) Tarapur

Correct Answer: (c) Narora

Solution:

Based on the seismic zoning map of India, the following atomic power plants are located in the specified seismic zones:

Kaiga: Seismic Zone III
Kalpakkam: Seismic Zone III
Narora: Seismic Zone IV
Tarapur: Seismic Zone III

Therefore, the atomic plant of India located in the IV Seismic Zone is (c) Narora.

9. The atomic power plant which became active recently is located at : [U.P.P.S.C.(pre) 2000]

(a) Kalpakkam
(b) Narora
(c) Tarapur
(d) Kaiga

Correct Answer: (d) Kaiga

Solution:Kaiga power station is a nuclear power generating station situated at Kaiga near the river Kali in Uttar Karwar district of Karnataka. Its second unit of 220 MW was dedicated to the nation in March, 2000. Presently it has four units of 220 MW capacity each working properly and among them, the fourth unit was starts on 20 January, 2011.

10. The function of heavy water in a nuclear reactor is to [I.A.S. (PRE) 2011]

(a) Slow down the speed of neutorns.
(b) Increase the speed of neurtrons.
(c) Cool down the reactor.
(d) Stop the nuclear reaction.

Correct Answer: (a) Slow down the speed of neutorns.

Solution:Heavy water(D2O), also called deuterium oxide, contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium. It is used as moderator in the reactor to slow down the neutrons produced in fission so that the chain reaction can sustained.

Many reactors also use Light water normal water (H2O), Graphite of Beryllium oxide as moderator. In India, mainly heavy water is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.

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