Nuclear physics -(1)

Nuclear physics-(1)

Total Questions: 38

11. Which one of the following is used as moderator in a nuclear reactor? [U.P.P.C.S.(mains) 2011]

(a) Thorium
(b) Heavy water
(c) Radium
(d) Ordinary water
(e) both heavy water and ordinary water.

Correct Answer: (e) both heavy water and ordinary water.

Solution:Heavy water(D2O), also called deuterium oxide, contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium. It is used as moderator in the reactor to slow down the neutrons produced in fission, so that the chain reaction can sustained. Many reactors also use Light water, normal water (H2O), Graphite of Beryllium oxide as moderator. In India, mainly heavy water is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.

12. Which one of the following is used as a moderator in the nuclear reactor? [U.P.P.C.S.(pre)2011]

(a) Thorium
(b) Graphite
(c) Radium
(d) Ordinary water
(e) both graphite and ordinary water

Correct Answer: (e) both graphite and ordinary water

Solution:Moderators in a nuclear reactor are used to slow down neutrons. This is important because slower neutrons are more likely to be captured by the nuclear fuel (like uranium) and cause fission, which sustains the chain reaction.

Graphite is a commonly used moderator in some types of nuclear reactors.

Ordinary water (light water) is also a very common moderator, especially in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs), which are the most common types of nuclear reactors worldwide.

Therefore, both graphite and ordinary water can be used as moderators in nuclear reactors.

13. Graphite is used in the nuclear reactor as- [U.P.P.C.S. (mains) 2015]

(a) Fuel
(b) Lubricant
(c) Moderator
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Moderator

Solution:Heavy water(D2O), also called deuterium oxide, contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium. It is used as moderator in the reactor to slow down the neutrons produced in fission so that the chain reaction can sustained. Many reactors also use Light water normal water (H2O), Graphite of Beryllium oxide as moderator. In India, mainly heavy water is used as moderator in nuclear reactors.

14. Fast breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor which produces electricity- [38th B.P.S.C (PRE) 1992]

(a) by fission process.
(b) With the help of solar cells.
(c) By burning phenyl substances used by it and by its reproduction.
(d) By using refined hard water.

Correct Answer: (a) by fission process.

Solution:A fast breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor which produces electricity by the fission process. This type of reactor produces more fissile material that it burns.

15. A breeder reactor is that which- [U.P.P.C.S.(MAINS) 2009]

(a) Does not require fissionable material at all.
(b) Uses only heavy water.
(c) Produces more fissionable material than it burns.
(d) None of these.

Correct Answer: (c) Produces more fissionable material than it burns.

Solution:A fast breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor which produces electricity by the fission process. This type of reactor produces more fissile material that it burns.

A breeder reactor is a special type of nuclear reactor that is designed to produce more fissile material (i.e., material capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction) than it consumes.

Fissile Material: The primary fuel for nuclear reactors, like uranium-235.
Fertile Material: Material that can be converted into fissile material, such as uranium-238 and thorium-232.

In a breeder reactor, neutrons from the fission process convert fertile material into fissile material. For example, uranium-238 is converted into plutonium-239, which can then be used as fuel. This process "breeds" new fuel.

16. What is the' Manhattan Project'? [69th B.P.S.C. (PRE) 2023]

(a) A research and development undertaking that produced the first nuclear weapons.
(b) One of the largest art auctions of the world.
(c) A real estate project in New York city.
(d) A famous theme park.

Correct Answer: (a) A research and development undertaking that produced the first nuclear weapons.

Solution:The Manhattan Project was a program of research and development undertaken during World War II to produce the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States in collaboration with United Kingdom and Canada. Nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the bombs.,

17. The official code name of the Pokhran nuclear test 1974 was- [U.P.P.C.S.(mains) 2009]

(a) Smiling buddha
(b) Thunder bolt
(c) Flying Garud
(d) Agni Pareeksha

Correct Answer: (a) Smiling buddha

Solution:'Smiling Buddha' ( MEA designation: Pokhran-I ) was the assigned code name of India's first nuclear weapon explosion on May 18, 1974.

18. The Pokhran II test was conducted on- [43th B.P.S.C (PRE) 1999]

(a) June 11th ,1998
(b) June 9th, 1998
(c) May 11th, 1998
(d) May 29th, 1998

Correct Answer: (c) May 11th, 1998

Solution:Pokhran-II was the series of five nuclear bomb tests conducted by Indian under operation"Shakti" at the Indian Army's Pokhran test range on May 11 and 13, 1998. It was the second Indian nuclear test after Pokhran-I.

19. Operation Shakti-98 is the name: [U.P.P.C.S.(pre) 1999]

(a) Given to the nuclear test carried out at Pokhran in 1998
(b) Given to the air exercises carried out by Indian Air Force SU-30 Planes/
(c) Given to the pro-active programme of the Union Home Minister to contain terrorism in J&K.
(d) Given to military action against terrorists in Tripura.

Correct Answer: (a) Given to the nuclear test carried out at Pokhran in 1998

Solution:On May 11 and 13, 1998, India carried out five(5) underground nuclear tests at Pokhran range, Rajasthan; This nuclear bomb test explosion was named as Operation Shakti-98.

20. In May, 1998 India had conducted 5 nuclear tests at Pokhran. In which state does Pokhran lie? [M.P.P.C.S.(PRE) 1998]

(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Punjab
(d) Himachal pradesh

Correct Answer: (b) Rajasthan

Solution:Pokhran is the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan. It is a remote location in the Thar Desert region and served as the test site for India's underground nuclear weapon detonations.

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Nuclear physics -(1)