Nuclear physics -(1)

Nuclear physics-(1)

Total Questions: 38

21. The Nuclear doctrine of India contains: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (PRE) 2016]

(a) No first use.
(b) Unilateral moratorium.
(c) Minimum credible deterrence.
(d) all of the above.

Correct Answer: (d) all of the above.

Solution:The draft of Indian nuclear doctrine was first prepared by National Security Advisory (NSAB) in August, 1999. The nuclear doctrine of India contains all of the above given options.

22. Which among the following countries is not a member of Nuclear suppliers Group? [M.P.P.C.S.(PRE) 2008]

(a) China
(b) New Zealand
(c) Ireland
(d) Iran

Correct Answer: (d) Iran

Solution:As of March, 2024, the Nuclear Suppliers Group has 48 members. According to the options given in the question, Iran is not the member country of NSG.

23. Which country was the first, after the ban on India was lifted by the Nuclear Suppliers Group, to sign an agreement that would allow supply of civil nuclear technology to India? [M.P.P.C.S.(PRE) 2008]

(a) USA
(b) Italy
(c) Russia
(d) France

Correct Answer: (d) France

Solution:After the ban on India was lifted by the Nuclear Suppliers Group, France was the first country to sing an agreement that would allow the supply of civil nuclear technology to India. India and France signed this landmark nuclear cooperation agreement on September 30, 2008.

24. What the links between Dhruva ,Purnima and Cirus ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

(a) they are Indian research reactor.
(b) they are stars.
(c) These are names of famous books.
(d) They are power plants.

Correct Answer: (a) they are Indian research reactor.

Solution:Dhruva, Purnima, and Cirus are Indian research reactors. Purnima - I, II and III were indigenously designed reactors. All of these 3 reactors were decommissioned decades ago. Cirus was a heavy water tank reactor, fuelled with 10 tons of natural uranium and generating about 40 Megawatts of thermal power.

It was supplied by Canada and became fully operational in 1960. This reactor was permanently shutdown in 2010. While Dhruva is a heavy water tank reactor, fuelled with 6.5 tons of natural uranium indigenously supplied, and generating 100 MW of power.

25. What is true for Kalpakkam Fast Breeder Reactor? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

1. In it, natural uranium will be used as a fuel.

2. In it, Plutonium carbide and natural uranium carbide mixture will be used as a fuel.

3. More than 200 MW atomic electricity will be produced from it.

Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives.

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (b) 1 and 3

Solution:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR-being operated since 1985) at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam has a capacity of 13 MWe and uses plutonium uranium carbide as a fuel and liquid sodium as coolant. The FBTR is a forerunner to the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), which is under construction at Kalpakkam.

The indigenously designed industrial scale prototype FBR of 500 MWe capacity is in an advanced stage of commissioning at Kalpakkam. Indigenously produced Mixed Uranium & Plutonium Oxide will be used as the fuel in the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam.

Fast breeder reactors, or FBRs, in general produce more fissile material than they consume. The PFBR in Kalpakkam will use a mixed oxide of plutonium-239-derived from reprocessed spent fuel from the thermal pressurised heavy water reactors - and uranium-238 as fuel to generate energy in a nuclear reaction.

This reaction will also produce or 'breed' more plutonium-239. This is possible because the reaction converts both uranium-238 in the fuel mix as well as a blanket of depleted uranium surrounding the core into plutonium.

26. Consider the following organizations: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2001]

1. Atomic Minerals Directorate for Research & Exploration

2. Heavy Water Board

3. Indian Rare Earths Limited

4. Uranium Corporation of India

Which of these is/are under the Department of Atomic Energy?

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution:All of the above institutions are under the Department of Atomic Energy. Organisations and their headquarters are -

(1) Atomic Minerals directorate for exploration and research- Hyderabad.

(2) Heavy Water Board - Mumbai

(3) Indian Rare Earth Ltd. - Mumbai

(4) Uranium Corporation of India Ltd.- Jaduguda (Jharkhand)

27. The atomic power plants are located at- [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

1. Narora

2. Ghatshila

3. Kalpakkam

4. Nangal

(a) 2 and 4
(b) 1 and 3
(c) only 4
(d) only 2

Correct Answer: (b) 1 and 3

Solution:The atomic power plants are located at both Narora and Kalpakkam. Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) is located at Kalpakkam about 80 km south of Chennai. It is India's first fully indigenously constructed nuclear station.

It has two units of 220 MW capacities each and on the other hand, Narora Atomic Power Station is located in Narora (Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh). It has two units of 220 MW capacities each. So option (b) is correct.

28. Russia has agreed recently to construct how many units of nuclear reactors at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]

(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6

Correct Answer: (d) 6

Solution:In Kudankulam (Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu) two 1,000 MW pressurized water reactor (PWR-VVER) units based on Russian technology are being erected in phase one of the project. Additional four units are scheduled to be added as per the agreement signed between India and Russia in December, 2008.

At present, 2 units of 1000 MW each are operationalized here. Units 3 and 4 (1000 MW each) are expected to start commercial operation in 2024. Construction of units 5 and 6 commenced in June 2021 which is scheduled to be completed by 2026-2027.

29. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India is now in a position to sell "Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors" (PHWRs) to other countries.' The reactors in question would be of capacity: [U.P. Lower (Spl) (Pre) 2008]

(a) 200 MW or 500 MW
(b) 240 MW or 540 MW
(c) 220 MW or 500 MW
(d) 440 MW or 700 MW
(e) none of the above

Correct Answer: (b) 240 MW or 540 MW

Solution:The Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) is now in a position to sell "Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor" (PHWRs) of 220 MW or 540 MW to other countries. This statement was delivered by the chairman of Atomic Energy Commission, Mr. Srikumar Banerjee in 54th general meeting of International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna in 2010.

30. Which of the following nuclear power plants has the highest total installed capacity? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

(a) Kakrapar
(b) Kaiga
(c) Kudankulam
(d) Tarapur

Correct Answer: (c) Kudankulam

Solution:With a total installed capacity of 2000 MW, at present Kudankulam is the largest nuclear power station in India. Kaiga Atomic Power Station has four units. All of the four units are small-sized CANDU plants of 220 MW, therefore total installed capacity is equal to 880 MW.

Tarapur atomic power station has an installed capacity of 1400 MW. Kakarapar atomic power station consists of two 220 MW and two 700 MW pressurized water reactors with heavy water as a moderator (PHWR) therefore total installed capacity is 1840 MW. All these nuclear power plants are operated by NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd).

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