Biology (Part-V) (Railway)

• In the absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugars of the fruit into alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation.

• The most common yeast associated with winemaking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• They mainly help in storage of food compounds like starch. proteins or fats.

• They do not take part in photosynthesis and are found in tubers, roots, seeds, and bulbs.

• Movement of our limbs, jaws, tongue, etc, require muscular movement.

• The contractile property of muscles are effectively used for locomotionand other movements by human beings and majority of multicellularorganisms

• Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females.

• The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females.

• Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

• Regular consumption of jaggery facilitates the absorption of iron and it also increases the haemoglobin count.

• The xylem distributes water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant, from the roots to the leaves.

• The phloem carries food and nutrients downward from the leaves to the roots.

• He experimented with nearly 30,000 pea plants.

• He carried out experiments up to the second and third generations and maintained the statistical records of all the experiments and analyzed them carefully.

• It states that all the living beings whether plants or animals are composed of cells that are from preexisting cells.

• Since viruses are not made of cells, and do not use cells in any of their processes, they are not related to the cell theory.

• It has antiseptic properties and can help heal wounds, cuts, and bruises.

• When applied to wounds, the flower sticks to the area and seals it, thus stopping the bleeding and helping in its healing.

• Brahma Kamal also known as the king of Himalayan flower, who blossoms once in a year.

• Water evaporates from leaves through stomates, which are pores whose aperture is controlled by two guard cells. Plants must keep their stomatesopen in order to take up CO, as the substrate (Early material for chemical reaction) for photosynthesis.

• In the process, water islost from the moist internal surfaces of the leaf through the stomatal pores.

• Water lossalso has a benefit in maintaining the leaf temperature through evaporative cooling