Biology (Part-VI) (Railway)

Total Questions: 50

11. What is the basic event in reproduction? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 24.08.2022 (Shift-III)]

(1) Making of proteins
(2) Replication of RNA
(3) Cell division
(4) Replication of DNA

Correct Answer: (4) Replication of DNA

Solution:Reproduction is the process by which organisms replicate themselves or make a copy of them.

• DNA carries genetic information.

• So, the basic event in the reproduction process is DNA replication which helps in doubling of parental DNA and with the help of meiotic cell division restores accurate chromosome number in the offspring.

12. Which ministry has launched the world's first multicentre phase III clinical trial to assess Ayurveda's efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis treatment? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 24.08.2022 (Shift-III)]

(1) Ministry of Ayush
(2) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(3) Ministry of Science and Technology
(4) Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers

Correct Answer: (1) Ministry of Ayush

Solution:Ministry of Ayush, in March 2022, conducted the world's first multicenter Phase - III clinical trial examining the efficacy of Ayurveda in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

• The trial was conducted by AVP Research Foundation, a research institution affiliated with The Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (Coimbatore) Ltd and the Central Council of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences under Ministry of Ayush, Government of India.

13. What aids in preventing the mixing of oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide rich blood in the heart? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 24.08.2022 (Shift-III)]

(1) Aortic valve
(2) Tricuspid valve
(3) The wall between the chambers
(4) Pulmonary valve

Correct Answer: (3) The wall between the chambers

Solution:The heart has four chambers (two atria and two ventricles). There is a wall (septum) between the two atria and another wall between the two ventricles.

• It acts as the diving wall between the left side and the right side of the heart.

• It does not allow mixing of blood when oxygen-rich and carbon dioxide- rich blood reach the heart.

14. Pyruvate is formed from glucose in the of a cell. [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 24.08.2022 (Shift-III)]

(1) mitochondria
(2) cytoplasm
(3) nucleus
(4) ribosome

Correct Answer: (2) cytoplasm

Solution:Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down within the cytoplasm of a cell to form pyruvate.

• Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria, where it enters the citric acid cycle and generates reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH₂.

• These reducing equivalents then enter the electron transport chain, leading to the production of 32 ATP per molecule of glucose

15. Which of the following organisms have spiracles? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 24.08.2022 (Shift-III)]

(1) Earthworm
(2) Human
(3) Fish
(4) Cockroach

Correct Answer: (4) Cockroach

Solution:Like other insects, the cockroach does not have lungs.Instead, its respiratory system consists primarily of a network of tubes, called tracheae, that open at the surface of the thorax and abdomen through paired valvelike structures called spiracles.

• There are two thoracic spiracles and eight abdomen spiracles in a cockroach.

16. Which of the following is the INCORRECT feature related to animal reproduction? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 24.08.2022 (Shift-III)]

(1) Seminal vesicle is a gland present in human males
(2) In Amoeba, splitting of two cells takes place in any plane
(3) Fertilisation of egg takes place in the uterus in human female
(4) Regeneration is not the same as reproduction

Correct Answer: (3) Fertilisation of egg takes place in the uterus in human female

Solution:Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes.

• It takes place at the ampullaisthmic junction of the oviduct or the fallopian tube.

• The fallopian tube links an ovary to the uterus.

• If the fertilized egg successfully travels down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, an embryo starts growing.

17. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about vegetative propagation in plants? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 25.08.2022 (Shift-I)]

(1) Plants bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds.
(2) Plants produced are genetically different from the parent plant.
(3) Plants are grown from root, stem and leaves
(4) Plants that have lost the capacity to produce seeds can be grown

Correct Answer: (2) Plants produced are genetically different from the parent plant.

Solution:The plant produced by vegetative propagation is genetically identical to parent plants.

• It is also known as asexual reproduction because only one parent is involved.

• Vegetative propagation takes place by a part of plant root, stem, leaf, and buds, which under suitable conditions grow into a new plant.

18. Which of the following is NOT a change that marks the on-set of puberty? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 25.08.2022 (Shift-I)]

(1) change in voice
(2) Growth of nails
(3) change in body shape
(4) Sudden increase in height

Correct Answer: (2) Growth of nails

Solution:There are three main physical changes that come with adolescence: growth spurt; primary sex characteristics (changes in the organs directly related to reproduction); secondary sex characteristics (bodily signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve reproductive organs).

• In puberty, children get taller, heavier, and stronger.

• Puberty is also marked by hair under the arms and on the face, voice change, and acne.

19. Which cell organelle detoxifies toxins and drugs? [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 25.08.2022 (Shift-I)]

(1) Endoplasmic reticulum
(2) Mitochondria
(3) Golgi bodies
(4) Ribosomes

Correct Answer: (1) Endoplasmic reticulum

Solution:Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in liver cells of vertebrates helps in detoxifying poisons and drugs.

• It contains enzymes that catalyze a number of reactions that can make lipid-soluble drugs and metabolic wastes into water-soluble so that these can easily be expelled out from the body.

• To perform such processes SER increases or doubles its surface area so lots of detoxification can take place.

20. Carbonisation is a term used to describe the process of transforming dead plants Into _____________over a long period of time. [RRB Group 'D' CBT Exam, 25.08.2022 (Shift-I)]

(1) fossil
(2) diesel
(3) coal
(4) petrol

Correct Answer: (3) coal

Solution:Carbonisation is the process in which dead plants and vegetation is converted slowly into coal.

• During carbonisation, dead vegetation slowly changes to coal, which mainly contains carbon.

• This process takes place at high temperature and pressure and takes millions of years.

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