CELL AND HEREDITY (BOTANY)

31. ______ are known as powerhouses of the cell, as they are involved in releasing energy from food. [S.S.C. JE Mechanical Exam 22.03.2021 (Shift-II)]

(a) Mitochondria
(b) Plastids
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Vacuoles

Correct Answer: (a) Mitochondria

Solution: Mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as powerhouses of the cell, as they are involved in releasing energy from food.

32. Which cell organelle has its own DNA and ribosomes? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 19.08.2019 (Shift-II)]

(a) Achromatic receptor (leucoplast)
(b) Chromoplast
(c) Cell vacuoles
(d) Mitochondria

Correct Answer: (d) Mitochondria

Solution:Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

33. ______ is the cell organelle, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) Mitochondria
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Nucleus

Correct Answer: (a) Mitochondria

Solution:The process of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. The activities related to aerobic respiration, like the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, take place on its inner membrane, respectively, due to which energy, i.e., ATP, is formed.

34. Match column A with column B. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 06.06.2022 (Shift-II)]

Column A	Column B
i. Powerhouse of a cell	A. Plastid
ii. Kitchen of a cell	B. Mitochondria
iii. Suicidal bags of a cell	C. Nucleus
iv. Brain of a cell	D. Lysosomes

	i	ii	iii	iv
(a)	A	B	C	D
(b)	B	A	C	D
(c)	D	B	C	A
(d)	B	A	D	C

Correct Answer: (d)

Solution:The correctly matched answer is given below –

Column A	Column B
Powerhouse of a cell	Mitochondria
Kitchen of a cell	Plastid
Suicidal bags of a cell	Lysosomes
Brain of a cell	Nucleus

35. Which of the following is the controlling center of the cell? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 27.01.2017 (Shift-III)]

(a) nucleus
(b) Plasma
(c) Lysosomes
(d) chromosomes

Correct Answer: (a) nucleus

Solution:The nucleus controls the activities of the whole cell because it contains D.N.A., under whose control a variety of regulatory proteins are synthesized, and these proteins (enzymes) control the cell’s activities.

36. DNA is stored majorly in _____ of the cell. [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.06.2019 (Shift-III)]

(a) Golgi body
(b) Nucleus
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Plasma membrane

Correct Answer: (b) Nucleus

Solution:D.N.A. is stored majorly in the nucleus of the cell. Some amount of D.N.A. is also found in mitochondria.

37. Polyploidy arises due to change in the- [S.S.C. Online Graduate Level (T-I) 11.09.2016 (Shift-I)]

(a) Number of Cronatids
(b) Structure of the genes
(c) Number of chromosomes
(d) Structure of chromosomes

Correct Answer: (c) Number of chromosomes

Solution:Polyploidy occurs when there is a change in the number of chromosomes in the body’s cells. Most species whose cells have nuclei are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent.

38. Plant cell wall is made up of— [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 11.01.2017 (Shift-I)]

(a) Cellulose
(b) Glucose
(c) Sucrose
(d) Fructose

Correct Answer: (a) Cellulose

Solution:In addition to the cell membrane in plant cells, there is another layer called the "cell wall." The plant cell wall is made of cellulose.

39. Which of the following is a complex substance that provides structural strength to plants? [S.S.C. Online MTS (T-I) 18.10.2021 (Shift-I)]

(a) Xylem
(b) Cellulose
(c) Phloem
(d) Cytoplasm

Correct Answer: (b) Cellulose

Solution:Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic substances on Earth. Plants usually synthesize it. Cellulose, a complex, fibrous, and water-insoluble polysaccharide, plays an integral role in providing strength and stability to the structure of plant cell walls.

40. _____ is a typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion. [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 10.01.2017 (Shift-II)]

(a) Egg
(b) Spore
(c) Sperm
(d) Seed

Correct Answer: (b) Spore

Solution:A spore is a typically one-celled reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion.