Human Anatomy and Physiology : III. Vitamins And Nutrition Part-IV

Total Questions: 33

11. Consider the following statements : [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]

(i) Fatty acids should be a part of human diet.
(ii) A normal diet should contain 75 gm of fat.
(iii) The cells of human body can not synthesize any fatty acids.
(iv) Deficiency diseases develop due to the absence of essential fatty acids.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) (iii) and (iv) only

Correct Answer: (b) (i), (ii) and (iv)

Solution:The cells of the human body can synthesize most of the fatty acids. However only essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized in the body. Thus, essential fatty acids should be a part of human diet. Deficiency diseases develop due to the absence of essential fatty acids. A normal diet of 2200-2400 calories should contain about 75 gm of fat per day.

12. Linseed is a rich source of- [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2012]

(a) Vitamin C
(b) Omega-3 fatty acid
(c) Essential amino acids
(d) Antioxidants

Correct Answer: (b) Omega-3 fatty acid

Solution:Linseed is a food and fibre crop that is grown in cooler regions of the world. The oil is extracted from its seed, known as linseed oil, which is a very good source of omega-3 fatty acid, which is able to prevent the deposition of fat in blood vessels.

13. Which among the following is the richest source of alpha-linolenic acid (18- carbon omega-3 fatty acid)? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) Moth bean
(b) Oats
(c) Mung bean
(d) Flaxseed

Correct Answer: (d) Flaxseed

Solution:Alpha-linolenic acid is a kind of omega-3 fatty acid found in plants. It is found in flaxseed oil, canola, soyabean and walnut oil. It's a major source of omega-3s in plant-based foods, including oils like flaxseed, canola, soybean, and walnut oil, as well as in nuts and seeds. ALA is an essential fatty acid, meaning it's necessary for human health and must be obtained through diet. The body can convert ALA to other omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, but this conversion isn't very efficient

14. Assertion (A) : Vitamins are invigorating elements, whose small amount is required for good health. [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]

Reason (R) : Vitamins help to keep the body healthy by killing harmful bacteria.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but R is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Solution:Vitamins and minerals are often called micronutrients because our body needs only tiny amounts of them. Cereals, green vegetables, milk, fruit, and meat are a good source of vitamins. White blood cells (not vitamins) help to keep the body healthy by destroying harmful bacteria.

15. Assertion (A) : Human diet should compulsorily contain glycine, serine and tyrosin. [I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]

Reason (R) : Essential amino acids can not be synthesized in the human body.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Solution:Glycine, serine, and tyrosine are non-essential amino acids, which are synthesized inside our bodies. There are 20 biologically active amino acids found in human body. These are divided into two categories - 10 are essential amino acids and 10 are non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are those which can’t synthesize inside the human body.

16. Which one of the following food materials contains all essential amino acids? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

Correct Answer: (e) More than one of the above

Solution:Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Foods that contain all essential amino acids are called complete protein foods. Complete proteins are supplied by meat, poultry, yogurt, eggs, fish, milk, quinoa and soyabean etc. Among the given options, except rice, all other food materials contain all essential amino acids.

17. Which of the following eatables is the best source of all the essential amino acids? [U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Banana
(b) Pulses
(c) Egg
(d) Fish

Correct Answer: (c) Egg

Solution:Egg is the best source of all the essential amino acids for human nutrition because it has the highest Biological Value (BV). The Biological Value (BV) is a scale of measurement used to determine what percentage of a given nutrient source is utilized by the body. BV (for protein sources) is derived from providing a measure intake of protein, then determining the nitrogen uptake versus nitrogen excretion. When a protein source contains the essential amino acids in a proportion similar to that required by the body, it has a high BV, while when one or more of the essential amino acids are missing or present in low numbers, it has a low BV. The Biological Value of some protein sources is given in the following table:

Protein Source	Biological Value
Whole egg	94
Milk	90
Quinoa	83
Fish	76
Beef	74
Soyabeans	73

18. Fat present below the skin surface in our body, acts as a barrier against : [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) Loss of heat from the body
(b) Loss of essential body fluids
(c) Loss of salts from the body
(d) Entry of harmful microorganisms from the environment

Correct Answer: (a) Loss of heat from the body

Solution:Fat present below the skin surface of our body forms a complete barrier against the external environment. It is an energy store and also acts as a thermal insulating layer. It protects the underlying structure of the body from any physical trauma.

19. In which category of food is the most amount of calories per unit - [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Vitamins
(b) Fats
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Proteins

Correct Answer: (b) Fats

Solution:Fats have highest calorie value per unit. 4.0 Kcal energy is obtained by metabolic oxidation of 1 gm carbohydrate or protein whereas about 9.3 Kcal is received from fats of the same amount. Flora and fauna, both are a source of fats.

Dietary fat is necessary to give your body energy and support cell growth. Fat also helps protect organs and keep the body warm. Fat helps the body absorb certain nutrients and also produces important hormones. Fats provide a source of concentrated energy as well as the fat-soluble vitamins- A, D, E, K. Fats are the most energy-efficient form of food but fats are the slowest source of energy.

20. Which of the following gives maximum energy in metabolic processes? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]

(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Fats
(c) Proteins
(d) Minerals