Chemistry (Part-X) (Railway)

• Hence, they have the same number of valence electrons.

• Anaerobic respiration occurs in two steps; the first is glycolysis, and the second is fermentation.

• In fermentation, Glucose breaks down anaerobically to produce alcohol (ethanol) as the end product and carbon dioxide gas as the byproduct.

Glucose Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy

• Zn (s) + CuSO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s) is an example of a displacement reaction.

• in this reaction, Zn is added to the solution of Copper sulfate which displaces Cu from its salt solution.

• The members of the group have eight electrons in their outermost orbit (except helium which has two electrons).

• The general configuration of the noble gas family is given as ns², np⁶ (except helium which has Is²).

• Each subsequent member of homologous series differs from the previous by one CH₂ unit.

• So, CH³OH and C₂H₅OH form a pair for homologous series.

• Its atomic number is 6.

• It is located in period 2 and group 14.

• This means after sodium carbonate is produced, water is added to it again to purify it and it is allowed to crystallize again, when it forms washing soda.

• Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because the electrostatic interaction that hold the com-pounds together are very strong.

• Large amount of energy needed to break strong electrostatic forces that hold oppositely charged ion together in solid lattice of ionic compounds like NaCl.

• In the reaction Fe₂O₃(s) + 2Al(s) → Al₂O₃(s) + 2Fe, Ferric Oxide (Fe₂O₃) under reduction as it loses oxygen.

• When barium chloride (BaCl₂) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) react, they lead to the formation of sodium chloride and barium sulphate.

• As a result of the above-given reaction, a white colour precipitate is formed due to the formation of barium sulphate.