Chemistry (Part-XIV)

11. Who discovered Fullerene (an allotrope of Carbon)? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 29.01.2017 (Shift-II) ]

(a) K Scheele
(b) Richard Smalley
(c) Faraday
(d) Heisenberg

Correct Answer: (b) Richard Smalley

Solution:Fullerene is a very useful allotrope of carbon. In this complex form of carbon, the carbon atoms join each other in a hexagonal or pentagonal form to form a cage structure. It was created in the year 1985 by Richard Smalley and his colleagues.

12. Who discovered the catalyst? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 31.01.2017 (Shift-III) ]

(a) Mascureni
(b) Berzelius
(c) Hook
(d) Garner

Correct Answer: (b) Berzelius

Solution:Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, coined the term "catalysis" in 1835 to describe substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being consumed. While observations of catalysis existed before him, he provided the conceptual framework and terminology.

13. Who discovered benzene? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 16.01.2017 (Shift-I) ]

(a) Hal Anger
(b) Michael Faraday
(c) Bruce Ames
(d) Nicolas Appert

Correct Answer: (b) Michael Faraday

Solution:Benzene is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C₆H₆. The benzene molecule is made up of 6 carbon atoms. It was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1825. It is a colorless, highly flammable liquid with a foul odor.

14. Who discovered Oxygen? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 19.01.2017 (Shift-III) ]

(a) Carl Scheele
(b) Hooke
(c) Heisenberg
(d) Williams

Correct Answer: (a) Carl Scheele

Solution:Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas. In its discovery, realization, or preliminary study, J. Priestley and C.W. Scheele has done a great job. It is a chemical element. In 1772, Carl Scheele prepared oxygen gas by heating potassium nitrate, which has atomic number 8 and atomic weight 16.

15. Ozone is an allotrope of _____ . [S.S.C. Online CGL (T-I) 12.04.2022 (Shift-I) ]

(a) carbon dioxide
(b) oxygen
(c) hydrogen
(d) nitrogen

Correct Answer: (b) oxygen

Solution:An allotrope is a different structural form of the same element. Ozone (O₃) is an allotrope of oxygen (O₂). Both are composed solely of oxygen atoms, but their arrangement and number of atoms in the molecule differ, leading to distinct physical and chemical properties.

16. Who invented the nuclear reactor? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 20.01.2017 (Shift-II) ]

(a) Enrico Fermi
(b) Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick
(c) Sandford Fleming
(d) Benoit Fourneyron

Correct Answer: (a) Enrico Fermi

Solution:A nuclear reactor is a device inside which nuclear chain reactions are initiated and continued under control. The first serial nuclear furnace Chicago Pile-1 was built in the year 1942 by a scientist named Enrico Fermi and his colleagues at the University of Chicago.

17. Dynamite was invented by ______ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 15.01.2017 (Shift-I) ]

(a) Jean-Antoine Nollet
(b) Alfred Nobel
(c) Joseph Nicephore Niepce
(d) Ted Nelson

Correct Answer: (b) Alfred Nobel

Solution: Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist, invented dynamite in 1867. He found a way to stabilize nitroglycerin, a highly volatile explosive, by absorbing it into a porous substance (diatomaceous earth), making it safer to handle and transport.

18. Who among the following is credited with the invention of dynamite? [S.S.C. JE Electrical Exam 28.10.2020 (Shift-I) ]

(a) Archimedes
(b) Lord Kelvin
(c) Alfred Nobel
(d) Albert Einstein

Correct Answer: (c) Alfred Nobel

Solution:Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist, invented dynamite in 1867. He found a way to stabilize nitroglycerin, a highly volatile explosive, by absorbing it into a porous substance (diatomaceous earth), making it safer to handle and transport.

19. Who invented the water turbine? [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 24.01.2017 (Shift-I) ]

(a) Enrico Fermi
(b) Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick
(c) Sandford Fleming
(d) Benoit Fourneyron

Correct Answer: (d) Benoit Fourneyron

Solution:Benoit Fourneyron was a French engineer who developed the first practical and efficient water turbine in the 1820s. His designs significantly improved upon earlier water wheels and laid the foundation for modern hydroelectric power generation.

20. Soda water was invented by ______ . [S.S.C. Online CHSL (T-I) 11.01.2017 (Shift-II) ]

(a) Tivadar Puskas
(b) Joseph Priestley
(c) Petrache Poenaru
(d) James Leonard Plimpton

Correct Answer: (b) Joseph Priestley

Solution:Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, clergyman, and natural philosopher, is credited with inventing soda water (carbonated water) in 1767. He discovered a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide, which he produced from a brewery's fermentation process.