Constitution Amendment (Part-II)

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 making education a Fundamental Right through insertion a new Article 21A. The Right of Children to free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 enable the implementation of Fundamental Right, was passed by the Parliament in 2009. Both the Constitutional Amendments and the new Law came into force on 1st April, 2010.

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 making education a Fundamental Right through insertion a new Article 21A. The Right of Children to free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 enable the implementation of Fundamental Right, was passed by the Parliament in 2009. Both the Constitutional Amendments and the new Law came into force on 1st April, 2010.

According to 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 a new Article 21-A was added to the constitution which made Right to Education a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6-14 years. This Article reads: "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine."

According to 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 a new Article 21-A was added to the constitution which made Right to Education a fundamental right for children in the age group of 6-14 years. This Article reads: "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine."

The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into the National commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled tribes through the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003. The two commissions have been constituted under Article 338 and Article 338A, respectively.

The number of ministers in the Council of Ministers was not mentioned in the Constitution till 2003, so it was fully dependent upon the discretion of the Prime Minister or Chief Minister. However by amending Article 75 and Article 164 of the Constitution by 'The Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003' it was made in the Constitution that the total number of ministers including the Prime Minister or Chief Minister of the state, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen percent of the total number of members of the Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly of that State.

The Constitution (Ninety-First Amendment) Act, 2003, restricted the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members with objects to strengthen Anti Defection laws. It provides the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen percent of the total number of members of the House of the People by inserting article 75(1A). The amendment also made same provision regarding Council of Ministers in Legislative Assembly of states under Article 164(1A). It also provided that a member of that House disqualified under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister.

The Constitution (Ninety-First Amendment) Act, 2003, restricted the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members with objects to strengthen Anti Defection laws. It provides the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen percent of the total number of members of the House of the People by inserting article 75(1A). The amendment also made same provision regarding Council of Ministers in Legislative Assembly of states under Article 164(1A). It also provided that a member of that House disqualified under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister.

The Constitution (Ninety-First Amendment) Act, 2003, restricted the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members with objects to strengthen Anti Defection laws. It provides the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen percent of the total number of members of the House of the People by inserting article 75(1A). The amendment also made same provision regarding Council of Ministers in Legislative Assembly of states under Article 164(1A). It also provided that a member of that House disqualified under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a Minister.

The 93rd Amendment Act (passed in 2005) provided OBCs with 27% reservation in admission to educational institutions.