Development of Press in Modern India (Part-I)

Harijan (children of God) was a term popularized by Gandhi referring to communities traditionally considered so-called "Untouchable". Gandhi started publishing a weekly journal called "Harijan" in 1933 from Yeravda Jail during British rule. He created three publications: Harijan in English (from 1933 to 1948), Harijan Bandu in Gujarati, and Harijan Sevak in Hindi. These newspapers found Gandhi concentrating on social and economic problems, much as his earlier English newspaper, Young India, had done from 1919 to 1932. Announcement of Communal Award in August 1932 was another example of 'Divide & Rule' policy, as it meant Harijan (Dalit) could only vote Harijan, Hindus vote Hindu & Muslim vote Muslim. Gandhi started his fast against it, and Poona Pact was signed in September 1932.

After Poona pact, Gandhi decided to commence an 'Untouchability prevention movement,' as he was always against untouchability. In November 1933, he embarked on a country-wide tour which covered 12,500 miles and lasted for nine months. The tour evoked great enthusiasm for breaking down the barriers which divided untouchables from the rest of Hindu community. However, Gandhi faced a lot of trouble from reactionary forces. His movement was known as" Harijan Yatra." His entire campaign was based on principles of humanism and reason. He said that the shastras do not sanction untouchability, and if they did, they should be ignored as it was against human dignity.

Ambedkar used journalism as a tool to spread awareness about Dalit rights and social justice. He founded several newspapers to voice the concerns of Dalits and challenge the caste system. In 1920, he launched the weekly Mooknayak (Leader of the Silent), which highlighted the issues of untouchability and caste oppression. Later, he started Bahishkrit Bharat in 1927, and Janata in 1930, both focusing on social reform and the rights of marginalized communities.

Ambedkar used journalism as a tool to spread awareness about Dalit rights and social justice. He founded several newspapers to voice the concerns of Dalits and challenge the caste system. In 1920, he launched the weekly Mooknayak (Leader of the Silent), which highlighted the issues of untouchability and caste oppression. Later, he started Bahishkrit Bharat in 1927, and Janata in 1930, both focusing on social reform and the rights of marginalized communities.

Ambedkar used journalism as a tool to spread awareness about Dalit rights and social justice. He founded several newspapers to voice the concerns of Dalits and challenge the caste system. In 1920, he launched the weekly Mooknayak (Leader of the Silent), which highlighted the issues of untouchability and caste oppression. Later, he started Bahishkrit Bharat in 1927, and Janata in 1930, both focusing on social reform and the rights of marginalized communities.

Al-Hilal was a weekly Urdu newspaper that was a major factor in the Muslim community's participation in the Indian independence movement. The newspaper was established by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, an Indian Muslim independence activist. The newspaper was published from 1912 to 1914, when it was closed by the British government under the Press Act.

The newspaper was a major turning point in the Muslim community's engagement with the independence movement. It inspired a new community resistance to the British Raj. It encouraged Indian Muslims to join the growing independence movement. It was a major influence in shaping the Urdu language. It raised awareness of the early activities of Mahatma Gandhi. It advocated for communal harmony.

Al-Hilal was a weekly Urdu newspaper that was a major factor in the Muslim community's participation in the Indian independence movement. The newspaper was established by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, an Indian Muslim independence activist. The newspaper was published from 1912 to 1914, when it was closed by the British government under the Press Act.

The newspaper was a major turning point in the Muslim community's engagement with the independence movement. It inspired a new community resistance to the British Raj. It encouraged Indian Muslims to join the growing independence movement. It was a major influence in shaping the Urdu language. It raised awareness of the early activities of Mahatma Gandhi. It advocated for communal harmony.