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Diseases and Treatment: I. Viral Diseases Part-II

📆 October 30, 2024

Total Questions: 43

1. Which of the following disease is caused by a virus? [U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2006]

Correct Answer: (d) Hepatitis
Solution:Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue which is most commonly caused by the Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D and E). Hepatitis B virus transmitted through receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, from mother to baby at birth, and also by sexual contact. Hence, Hepatitis B virus is transmitted much like HIV. According to WHO estimates globally, the number of people infected with Hepatitis B virus is about 240 million and with Hepatitis C virus is about 71 million. On the other hand, about 70-75 million people are infected overall with HIV in which about 35 million are died. Some of those infected with Hepatitis B and C viruses do not show the symptoms for many years. Thus, statements of option (a), (c) and (d) are correct. Statement of option (b) is not correct because Hepatitis B has a vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. Hepatitis C, unlike Hepatitis B, does not have a vaccine.

2. Which of the following pairs is incorrect? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (d) Polio-Monkey
Solution:Plague is an infectious disease which is spread by rats. Rabies or hydrophobia is caused by rabies virus. The virus is spread by the saliva of infected animals such as the bite of a mad dog. Tapeworm is caused by eating raw or undercooked pork whereas polio enters in human body by poliovirus which is contagious and usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth.

3. Consider the following diseases : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2014]

1. Diphtheria

2. Chickenpox

3. Smallpox
Which of the above diseases has/have been eradicated in India?

Correct Answer: (b) 3 only
Solution:India was declared smallpox free in 1977. Guinea worm disease (Dracunculiasis) was a major public health problem in many states of India before it was eradicated in 2000. On 27th March, 2014 the World Health Organisation (WHO) presented official certification to India for its ‘Polio Free’ status. In 2015, India was declared free from maternal and neonatal tetanus. Diphtheria and chickenpox have not been eradicated in India yet. Clearly option (b) is the right answer.

4. Smallpox was declared eradicated from the world in [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (b) 1980
Solution:Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of the two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October, 1977 and the WHO certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980.

The variola virus has two forms namely the Variola minor and Variola major. Variola virus, is a deadly virus, being a member of the orthopoxvirus family. The structure of this virus resembles that of brick ones and the core of the virus is made up of a genetic material DNA which resembles a dumbbell in shape. The DNA in the core comprises necessary proteins, which are required to replicate the host's cell. The incubation period for this disease is.

5. Consider the given statement and reason : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]

Assertion : Smallpox is transmitted by a virus.
Reason : The patient should rest on separate bed.

Correct Answer: (a) Assertion and reason, both are right and the reason is based on Assertion.
Solution:Smallpox was caused by variola virus which was a very infectious disease. It was transmitted from person to person via infective droplets during close contact with infected symptomatic people. The patient continuously suffers from fever and red rashes that appear on the skin. The patient had to rest on separate bed. The WHO certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980.

6. Which of the following disease is not caused by a bacteria? [Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) AIDS
Solution:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infects T-helper cells, a type of T-lymphocytes which helps both B-lymphocytes (which produce antibodies) and other T-lymphocytes (which kill cells infected by viruses) to carry out their functions. Neither type of lymphocyte can therefore operate and so the body’s immune system is rendered ineffective, not only against HIV but to other infections also. Due to this reason AIDS victims are frequently killed within a few years of developing the disease.

7. Consider the following statements. [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

AIDS is transmitted :

  1. By sexual intercourse
  2. By blood transfusion
  3. By mosquitoes and other blood sucking insects
  4. Across the placenta
Correct Answer: (b) 1, 2 and 4 are correct
Solution:HIV is not transmitted through sneezing, cough, kiss and the bites of mosquitoes and fleas. HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another through :
  • Blood (including menstrual blood)
  • Semen
  • Vaginal secretions
  • Breast milk

Activities that allow HIV transmission :

  • Unprotected sexual contact
  • Direct blood contact, including injection drug needles, blood transfusions, accidents in healthcare settings or certain blood products
  • Mother to baby (before or during birth, or through breast milk).

8. HIV does not spread AIDS through – [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

Correct Answer: (c) Mosquito bites
Solution:HIV is not transmitted through sneezing, cough, kiss and the bites of mosquitoes and fleas. HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another through :
  • Blood (including menstrual blood)
  • Semen
  • Vaginal secretions
  • Breast milk

Activities that allow HIV transmission :

  • Unprotected sexual contact
  • Direct blood contact, including injection drug needles, blood transfusions, accidents in healthcare settings or certain blood products
  • Mother to baby (before or during birth, or through breast milk).

9. Consider the following statements : [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

Assertion (A) : Immune system gets affected by AIDS.
Reason (R) : T-lymphocytes get completely damaged in AIDS.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Correct Answer: (b) (A) is correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Solution:T-lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte that plays an important role in cell-mediated immunity. When AIDS disease takes place then T-4 lymphocytes (helper cells) are completely damaged and due to this immune system gets affected.

10. Consider the following conditions of a sick human body : [I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]

  1. Swollen lymph nodes
  2. Sweating at night
  3. Loss of memory
  4. Loss of weight

Which of these are symptoms of AIDS ?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution:AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which destroys the disease resistance power of the human body. People infected with HIV may have the following symptoms :
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
  • Extreme and unexplained tiredness
  • Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck*
  • Diarrhoea that lasts for more than a week
  • Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
  • Pneumonia
  • Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
  • Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.
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