Diseases and Treatment: IV. Other Parasitic Diseases

Total Questions: 20

11. Who was the scientist who discovered that malaria is caused by plasmodium parasite? [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

(a) J.G. Mendel
(b) Haeckal
(c) Sir Ronald Ross
(d) Darwin

Correct Answer: (c) Sir Ronald Ross

Solution:Sir Ronald Ross, a doctor in British Indian Army first observed oocysts of plasmodium in the female Anopheles mosquito. He won the Nobel prize in 1902 for his work on malaria.

Ross's work in India, particularly in Secunderabad, led him to examine dissected Anopheles mosquitoes that had fed on individuals with malaria.

He observed the presence of the malarial parasite, specifically Plasmodium, in the mosquito's gut, demonstrating that the parasites were present within the insect.

This discovery not only proved the role of mosquitoes in malaria transmission but also laid the groundwork for future research and control methods.

12. The diseases caused by nematodes : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Filaria
(b) Fluorosis
(c) Encephalitis
(d) Leprosy

Correct Answer: (a) Filaria

Solution:Filariasis is a parasitic infection caused by thread-like nematodes (filariae) that belong to the roundworm superfamily Filarioidea. These infestations are common in tropical countries such as sub-Saharan Africa, southern Asia, the western Pacific Islands, Brazil, and Guyana. The disease spreads from person to person by female Culex mosquito. Edema is one of the most common symptoms of filariasis and can lead to elephantiasis, which is characterized by thickened skin and massive swelling.

13. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]

List-I (Disease)	List-II (Organism)
A. Malaria	1. Fungi
B. Poliomyelitis	2. Bacteria
C. Tuberculosis	3. Virus
D. Ringworm	4. Protozoan

Code:

	A	B	C	D
(a)	4	3	2	1
(b)	4	3	1	2
(c)	3	4	1	2
(d)	3	4	2	1

Correct Answer: (a)

Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows:

Disease	Organism
Malaria	Protozoan
Poliomyelitis	Virus
Tuberculosis	Bacteria
Ringworm	Fungi

14. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

List-I	List-II
A. Plague	1. Protozoa
B. AIDS	2. Fungus
C. Baldness	3. Virus
D. Malaria	4. Bacteria

Code:

	A	B	C	D
(a)	1	2	3	4
(b)	2	3	4	1
(c)	3	4	1	2
(d)	4	3	2	1

Correct Answer: (d)

Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows:

Disease	Organism
Plague	Bacteria
AIDS	Virus
Baldness	Fungus
Malaria	Protozoa

15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using code given below : [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

List-I (Diseases)	List-II (Factors)
A. Peptic ulcers	1. Virus
B. Dengue	2. Protozoa
C. Elephant Foot	3. Worm
D. Malaria	4. Bacteria

Code:

	A	B	C	D
(a)	4	2	3	1
(b)	3	4	1	2
(c)	4	1	3	2
(d)	2	3	4	1

Correct Answer: (c)

Solution:The correctly matched lists are as follows:

Diseases	Factors
Peptic ulcers	Bacteria
Dengue	Virus
Elephant Foot	Worm
Malaria	Protozoa

16. Sleeping sickness happens due to: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007, Uttarakhand U.P./A.L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

(a) Deficiency of Vitamin-A
(b) Deficiency of calcium in body
(c) Rising of blood pressure
(d) Unicellular animal named Trypanosoma

Correct Answer: (d) Unicellular animal named Trypanosoma

Solution:Sleeping sickness, also called ‘human African trypanosomiasis’ is a widespread tropical disease that can be fatal if not treated. Sleeping sickness is caused by two different parasites, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. It is spread by the bite of an infected tsetse fly (genus Glossina), a species native to the African continent. The tsetse fly bite erupts into a red sore and within a few weeks, the person can experience fever, swollen lymph glands, aching muscles and joints, headaches, and irritability.

17. Which of the following is NOT mosquito borne disease? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

(a) Dengue fever
(b) Filariasis
(c) Sleeping sickness
(d) Malaria

Correct Answer: (c) Sleeping sickness

Solution:Mosquito-borne diseases are those spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Diseases that are spread to people by mosquitoes include Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue, and malaria.
Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis, is a life-threatening disease caused by related parasite strains, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, transmitted by the tsetse fly.

18. Due to unsafe drinking water and lack of Sanitation, three main communicable diseases in developing countries are - [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

(a) Diarrhoea, cancer, gout
(b) Malaria, Acute diarrhoea, Schistosomiasis
(c) Onchocerciasis, white blindness, arthritis
(d) Rheumatism, Malaria, AIDS

Correct Answer: (b) Malaria, Acute diarrhoea, Schistosomiasis

Solution:Malaria, Acute Diarrhoea and Schistosomiasis are the three main communicable diseases in developing countries caused by unsafe water and lack of Sanitation.

Malaria: This disease is transmitted by mosquito bites, and the breeding grounds for these mosquitoes are often in stagnant or poorly managed water sources.

Schistosomiasis: This parasitic disease is contracted through contact with contaminated water, specifically through the skin.

Acute Diarrhoea: This is a symptom of various infections and is often caused by the ingestion of contaminated water or food due to poor sanitation practices.

19. Consider the following statements : [69th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2023]

Taeniasis is an intestinal infection caused by three species of tapeworm – Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica.
When cysts develop in the brain, the condition is referred to as neuro-cysticercosis (NCC).

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2

Solution:The term taeniasis refers to intestinal infection with tapeworms. Three parasite species cause taeniasis in humans: Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), and Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm). Only T. solium causes major health problems. T. solium taeniasis is acquired by humans through the ingestion of the parasite’s larval cysts (cysticerci) in undercooked and infected pork. Humans can also become infected with T. solium eggs due to poor hygiene (via the fecal-oral route) or ingesting contaminated food or water. Ingested T. solium eggs develop to larvae (called cysticerci) in various organs of the human body. When they enter the central nervous system (i.e., brain and spinal cord), they can cause neurological symptoms (neurocysticercosis), including epileptic seizures. Hence, both statements are correct.

20. Leander Paes was forced off the Court of Tennis in 2003 after a problem was detected in his brain. What was the problem ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

(a) A tumour
(b) A haemorrhage
(c) Some spinal fluid
(d) A cyst

Correct Answer: (d) A cyst

Solution:Leander Paes was forced off the Court of Tennis in 2003 after a cyst was detected in his brain. A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. Hence, it is a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac. One rather common infection in India causing such a brain lesion is cysticercosis granuloma caused by the larval form of a tapeworm.

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Diseases and Treatment: IV. Other Parasitic Diseases

11. Who was the scientist who discovered that malaria is caused by plasmodium parasite? [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

12. The diseases caused by nematodes : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

13. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1998]

14. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using code given below : [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

16. Sleeping sickness happens due to: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007, Uttarakhand U.P./A.L.D.A. (Pre) 2003]

17. Which of the following is NOT mosquito borne disease? [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]

18. Due to unsafe drinking water and lack of Sanitation, three main communicable diseases in developing countries are - [I.A.S. (Pre) 1993]

19. Consider the following statements : [69th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2023]

20. Leander Paes was forced off the Court of Tennis in 2003 after a problem was detected in his brain. What was the problem ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2005]

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