Diseases and Treatment: VI. Deficiency, Non-Contagious and Other Diseases Part-II

Total Questions: 18

11. A common side effect of Cu-T: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]

(a) Bleeding
(b) Pain
(c) Perforation
(d) Pelvic inflammatory disease

Correct Answer: (a) Bleeding

Solution:Copper-T, a common contraceptive, can cause side effects such as bleeding during the menstrual cycle after insertion. Copper-T is a T-shaped intrauterine device (IUD) that uses copper to prevent pregnancy. It is a mechanical method of contraception that works by preventing fertilization and implantation of a fertilized egg. Copper-T is highly effective, can last for several years, and doesn't interfere with fertility once removed.

Copper ions released by the device create an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm, preventing them from reaching and fertilizing an egg. Even if fertilization occurs, the copper-rich uterine environment makes it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterine lining.

12. Emphysema is a disease caused by environmental pollution in which the affected organ of the body is: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]

(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Lungs
(d) Brain

Correct Answer: (c) Lungs

Solution:Emphysema is a type of COPD characterized by damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to reduced lung surface area and impaired gas exchange. The most common cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, but other factors like air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust from the environment or workplace can also contribute.

Symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, a chronic cough, wheezing, and chest tightness. In emphysema, the walls of the alveoli break down, creating larger air spaces and reducing the overall surface area of the lungs. This makes it harder for oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to leave, leading to breathing difficulties.

13. Which statement about aspirin is not true? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]

(a) It is a neurologically active drug.
(b) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
(c) It is effective in relieving pain.
(d) It has anti-blood clotting action.

Correct Answer: (b) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.

Solution:Aspirin is a non-narcotic analgesic, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of pain and fever due to various causes.
Acetylsalicylic acid has both anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. This drug also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of blood clots stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI).

Interestingly, the results of various studies have demonstrated that long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the risk of various cancers, including colorectal, esophageal, breast, lung, prostate, liver and skin cancer. Aspirin is classified as a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and is available in many doses and forms, including chewable tablets, suppositories, extended release formulations, and others.

Acetylsalicylic acid is a very common cause of accidental poisoning in young children. It should be kept out of reach from young children, toddlers, and infants.

14. In coronary artery bypass surgery, the blood vessel to be used as graft has to be: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Vein from the leg
(b) Artery from the forearm
(c) Artery from the mammary region of the chest
(d) Any of these

Correct Answer: (d) Any of these

Solution:In Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle grow hardened and narrowed. Coronary artery bypass surgery creates a new path for blood to flow to the heart. The surgeon takes a healthy piece of vein from the leg or artery from the chest or wrist. Then the surgeon attaches it to the coronary artery, just above and below the narrowed area or blockage. This allows blood to bypass (get around) the blockage.

15. In which of the following departments of a hospital will 'Cath lab' be found? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

(a) Pathology
(b) Surgery
(c) Cardiology
(d) Nuclear Medicine

Correct Answer: (c) Cardiology

Solution:A catheterization laboratory or cath lab uses diagnostic imaging to visualize and treat heart artery issues. The cardiology cath lab handles all invasive heart investigations and treatments.

16. The nutritional deficiency condition that needs to be given top priority for remedial action in India today is: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) Scurvy
(b) Rickets
(c) Xerophthalmia
(d) Pellagra

Correct Answer: (c) Xerophthalmia

Solution:Xerophthalmia is caused by severe vitamin A deficiency, leading to dryness and keratinization of the conjunctiva and cornea, affecting vision.

Scurvy: A deficiency in vitamin C can cause scurvy, characterized by symptoms like bleeding gums, skin lesions, and fatigue.

Rickets: A lack of vitamin D, or calcium, or phosphate can lead to rickets, a condition causing bone deformities in children, and in adults, it's called osteomalacia.

Pellagra: A deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) can result in pellagra, characterized by the "4 D's": dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.

17. Lathyrism is caused by excessive consumption of: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]

(a) Khesari dal
(b) Mustard oil
(c) Polished rice
(d) Mushrooms

Correct Answer: (a) Khesari dal

Solution:Excessive consumption of khesari dal (Lathyrus sativus) can cause lathyrism, a neurological disorder.

Lathyrism is a paralytic disease caused by the neurotoxin beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) present in khesari dal.

18. Blank capsules used in dispensing are made of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]

(a) Egg-white
(b) Gum
(c) Starch
(d) Gelatine
(e) Starch & Gelatine

Correct Answer: (e) Starch & Gelatine

Solution:Blank capsules are often made from gelatine, which dissolves easily, or starch as a useful alternative. Gelatin is a protein derived from collagen, typically sourced from animal bones and skin. Gelatin capsules dissolve readily in the stomach due to its water solubility, allowing for the rapid release of the contents. They offer a good balance of dissolution speed, stability, and ease of production.

Types:

Hard Gelatin Capsules: These are the most common type, used for powders, granules, and some liquids.

Soft Gelatin Capsules (Softgels): These are one-piece capsules that are hermetically sealed, often used for liquids, semi-solids, and some powders.

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